Saint Arsenius was born on January 31, 1800 in Ioannina, Epirus
of pious Orthodox parents. In holy Baptism he was given the name
Athanasius. His parents died when he was quite young. He was only nine
years old when he made his way to Kydoniai, Asia Minor, where he was
received by Hieromonk Gregory Saraphis and enrolled in his school. His
humility and piety endeared him to Father Gregory and also to the other
teachers. The boy remained at the school for five years, surpassing the
other students in learning and in virtue.One day the renowned
Spiritual Father Daniel of Zagora, Thessaly came to the school to hear
confessions. Athanasius became Daniel’s disciple, remaining with him
until the latter’s death.
Not long after this, Father Daniel
decided to go to the Holy Mountain for quiet and spiritual struggles.
Athanasius begged his Elder not to leave him, but to take him with him.
He expressed the desire to travel to Mt. Athos, the Garden of the
All-Holy Virgin, and to become a monk.
Father Daniel instructed
Athanasius in the monastic life, which is called “the art of arts, and
the science of sciences.” The holy Elder was a perfect teacher who was
accomplished in the spiritual life, and Athanasius was an attentive
student. After a time Father Daniel tonsured his pupil, and told him he
had to learn three important lessons. First, he must cut off his own
will. Secondly, he must acquire humility. Finally, he must learn
obedience. “If you cut off your will, if you become humble, and if you
practice perfect obedience, you will also make progress in the other
virtues, and God will glorify you.”
After a further period of
testing, Father Daniel tonsured Athanasius into the Great Schema and
gave him the name Arsenius. The saint remained on Mt. Athos with his
Elder for six years. Then they had to leave the Holy Mountain because of
the agitation against the so-called “Kollyvades,” who called for a
strict adherence to Holy Tradition. The name comes from the kollyva
(boiled wheat) used in the memorial service. Part of the controversy
involved the debate on whether it was proper to serve memorial services
for the dead on Sunday. The Kollyvades believed that these services were
inappropriate for the Day of Resurrection, but should be served on
Saturday. The Kollyvades advocated frequent Communion, rather than the
practice of receiving the Holy Mysteries only a few times during the
year. When Father Daniel and Saint Arsenius left Athos, it was probably
due to the animosity of those who opposed the Kollyvades.
Early in
1821, before the Greek War of Independence, they went to the Monastery
of Pendeli near Athens. Their stay was a brief one, for Father Daniel
forsaw the destruction of the monastery by the Turks.
The two made
their way to the Cyclades Islands in the southern Aegean Sea. First
they stopped at Paros, perhaps because some of the Kollyvades had
settled there. Eventually, they decided to live on the island of
Pholegandros. Since there were no teachers for the children, the
inhabitants entreated Father Daniel to allow Saint Arsenius to instruct
their children. The Elder agreed, and had Arsenius ordained as a deacon.
Then he was appointed to the teaching post by the government.
The
saint remained there as a teacher from 1829-1840. He taught the
required subjects in school, but he also helped his students to form a
good character, and to live as pious Christians.
In 1840 Saint
Arsenius entered the Monastery of Saint George on the island of Paros.
Elder Daniel had passed away in 1837. Before his repose, he asked his
disciple to take his remains to Mt. Athos after two years. Saint
Arsenius left Plolegandros in obedience to Father Daniel’s request,
planning to stop on Paros then continue to the Holy Mountain. On Paros
the abbot of Saint George’s Monastery, Father Elias Georgiadis, told
Saint Arsenius that it was God’s will for him to remain on Paros. This
was providential, because Mt. Athos was undergoing great difficulty
after the Greek War of Independence. 3,000 Turkish soldiers occupied
Athos, resulting in the departure of 5,000 of the 6,000 monks.
Saint
Arsenius joined the community at Saint George’s Monastery on the
northern end of Paros. There he found spiritual strivers of true wisdom
and excellent conduct, who were worthy models for him to follow.
When
he was ordained to the holy priesthood at the age of forty-seven, Saint
Arsenius intensified his spiritual efforts. Every day he studied the
Holy Scriptures and the writings of the Fathers, and became adept at the
unceasing prayer of the heart. He also began to show forth the gift of
tears. In this, he resembled his patron Saint Arsenius the Great (May
8), who continuously wept tears of contrition.
Gradually, the
inhabitants of Paros came to recognize him as an outstanding Father
Confessor and spiritual guide. Whenever he stood before the holy altar,
he felt that he was standing before God. He served with great
compunction, and his face often became radiant like the face of an
angel.
As his virtues became known to people, they flocked to him
from near and far. He received all with paternal affection, treating
each one with the proper spiritual medicine which would restore their
souls to health.
A certain girl from Syros came to the Convent of
the Transfiguration to visit her sister, who was a nun. The nun had
previously been informed that her sister had fallen into a serious sin.
When she learned that the girl was outside the doors of the convent, the
nun screamed at her, “Go far away from here. Since you are defiled, you
will defile the convent and the nuns.” Instead of feeling pity for her
sister, and trying to lead her to repentance, the nun and some of the
other nuns struck the poor girl and told her to go away.
The wretched girl cried, “I have made a mistake. Forgive me!”
The nun shrieked, “Go away, or I will kill you to wash away the shame you have brought to our family.”
“Have you no pity, my sister, don’t you share my pain?”
“No,” the nun shouted, “you are not my sister, you are a foul harlot.”
“Where shall I go?” she sobbed.
“Go and drown yourself,” was the heartless reply.
The
poor girl fled from the convent, bleeding and wounded, intending to
kill herself. At that very moment, Saint Arsenius was on his way to
visit the convent. Seeing the girl in such a state, he asked her what
was wrong. She explained that she had been led astray by corrupt men and
women. Realizing her sin, she went to the convent to ask her sister for
help
“See what they have done to me, Elder. What do you advise me to do? Shall I drown myself, or leap off a cliff?”
“I
do not advise you to do either, my child. If you wish, I shall take you
with me and heal the wounds of your soul and body,” he said gently.
“Where will you take me?” the miserable girl asked.
“To the convent, my child.”
“I beg you not to take me there, Elder. My sister and the other nuns said they would kill me if I came back.”
The
saint replied, “Do not be afraid. They will not kill you, because I
shall entrust you to Christ, and no one will be able to harm you.”
“Very well,” she said, “If you entrust me to Christ I will not be afraid of them, for Christ is more powerful than they.”
Saint
Arsenius led her to the convent, consoling her and encouraging her to
repentance and confession. After hearing her confession, he made her a
nun. Then he called all the nuns into the church and severely rebuked
those who wounded the girl. He reminded them of the parable of the
Prodigal Son, and of how Christ had come to save sinners. He often
associated with sinners, showing them great love and mercy.
“You,
however, have done the opposite. Though you knew that her soul had been
wounded by the devil, you did not feel sorry for her. You did not
embrace her and try to save her from further sin, but you attacked her
and beat her. Then you urged her to kill herself. Now I, your Spiritual
Father, tell you that you are not nuns, you are not Christians, you are
not even human beings. You are devoid of compassion, affection, and
sympathy. You are murderesses! Therefore, I forbid you to receive Holy
Communion for three years, unless you recognize your sin. Repent and
confess, weep and ask forgiveness from God and from me, your Spiritual
Father, and from the other nuns who did not participate in your sinful
behavior.”
The nuns began to weep bitterly and they repented.
Thus, he lessened their penance and forgave them. He gave the girl’s
sister the penance of not receiving Holy Communion for a whole year.
Because the other nuns had shared in this sin, he would not permit them
to receive Communion for six months.