Fertile fields, thriving crops, high quality and plentiful yields, healthy and numerous cattle, financial security, good education for the children, a better home, a better life for all. The African land can provide all these and much more to the hardworking smallholder African farmer, the large scale African farmer, entire countries, Africa as a continent, and even the world at large.
The potential is phenomenal. Unfortunately though, this potential remains largely untapped and the majority of African farmers today face great challenges in their daily lives. Most farmers in Africa today are smallholder or subsistence farmers who grow crops and rear animals just to feed themselves and their families.
LACK OF INFORMATION: Lack of information remains number one problem facing most small scale farmers in Africa today. Most miss out on new and improved methods of farming. Some especially those in the remote areas have no access to information at all not even radio sets. Even those in the sub-urban areas with some limited access to information, don't have access to better yielding and improved seeds, etc. Most also miss out on proper information regarding cheap but effective farming practices such as crop rotation, the use of green manure, etc, to fertize the land. Another major problem here is illiteracy. Even in cases where there is some access to information, most poor farmers are unable to discern due to illiteracy. Illiteracy is very high in rural Africa. Programs like adult education can go a long way in helping the poor farmers in rural Africa.
POOR FINANCIAL SUPPORT: Lack of financial support systems to enable farmers grow, expand, and maintain their yields. Although there are several Micro finance groups operating in Africa today, not so many farmers have access to these groups and not so many farmers even know how these groups operate and how such groups can help them in the long run. Most farmers in Africa are poor financially making it almost impossible for them to adopt new farming practices. For example, research has shown some seeds yield better and are more tolerant and disease resistant than others. However, such seeds are often sold at higher prices on the market than regular seeds and not so many farmers can afford them. Once again, proper education and government assistance can go a long way here.
LACK OF ACCESS TO FERTILIZERS: This falls under the poor financial system mentioned above. Because agricultural lands have become so expensive in Africa, most poor farmers have no choice than to farm on same pieces of land over and over again. Farming on same pieces of land for years leads to land degradation whereby fertile lands loose most of their nutrients and become unproductive or barren. Farmers therefore depend mostly on artificial fertilizers to enable them grow crops and improve their yields. Artificial fertilizers are quite expensive in Africa and in most rural areas, they are unavailable at all. Some government assistance such as giving farming subsidise to small and large scale farmers, giving some tax breaks, etc., can go a long way here.
POOR TRANSPORTATION: This is a major issue facing not just agriculture but the economy in general throughout Africa. Most of the farm produce in Africa just go waste in the remote areas why because most farmers find it very difficult transporting their farm produce to the market to sell. The roads don't exist and most remote areas find themselves cut-off from the rest of the world. Because there are no proper storage facilities in the rural areas, most perishable goods such as tomatoes, onions, leafy vegetables, etc., just rot away in the remote areas.
POOR MARKETS: Market for farmers has become one of the biggest issues for Africa today affecting the lives and living standards of millions of people. But how do we create markets and how do we make them sustainable and more importantly, how do we make them grow? Farmers in places like Zambia love one crop above all others - Maize. Everyone in Africa eats it and therefore everyone grows it. However, the sad thing is that, not everyone is able to sell it. Lack of market facilities and poor government regulations, etc., make it almost impossible for farmers especially small scale farmers to market their farm produce. Improved market facilities and good goverment regulations can go a long way in helping poor farmers market and profit from their harvests.
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