Σάββατο 19 Οκτωβρίου 2019

St Artemios the Great Martyr of Antioch & St Matrona of Chios — Άγιος Αρτέμιος ο Μεγαλομάρτυρας & αγία Ματρώνα της Χίου (20 Οκτ.)


ΕΛΛΗΝΙΚΑ αμέσως μετά το αγγλικό
 
Saint Artemios, the Great Martyr of Antioch (from here)
 
He was a prominent military leader during the reigns of the emperor Constantine the Great (May 21), and his son and successor Constantius (337-361). Artemius received many awards for distinguished service and courage. He was appointed viceroy of Egypt. In this official position he did much for the spreading and strengthening Christianity in Egypt. He was sent by the emperor Constantius to bring the relics of the holy Apostle Andrew from Patras, and the relics of the holy Apostle Luke from Thebes of Boeotia, to Constantinople. The holy relics were placed in the Church of the Holy Apostles beneath the table of oblation. The emperor rewarded him by making him ruler of Egypt.

The emperor Constantius was succeeded on the throne by Julian the Apostate (361-363). Julian in his desire to restore paganism was extremely antagonistic towards Christians, sending hundreds to their death. At Antioch he ordered the torture of two bishops unwilling to forsake the Christian Faith. During this time, St Artemius arrived in Antioch and publicly denounced Julian for his impiety. The enraged Julian subjected the saint to terrible tortures and threw the Great Martyr Artemius into prison. While Artemius was praying, Christ, surrounded by angels, appeared to him and said, 
“Take courage, Artemius! I am with you and will preserve you from every hurt which is inflicted upon you, and I already have prepared your crown of glory. Since you have confessed Me before the people on earth, so shall I confess you before My Heavenly Father. Therefore, take courage and rejoice, you shall be with Me in My Kingdom.” 
Hearing this, Artemius rejoiced and offered up glory and thanksgiving to Him. On the following day, Julian demanded that St Artemius honor the pagan gods. Meeting with steadfast refusal, the emperor resorted to further tortures. The saint endured all without a single moan. The saint told Julian that he would be justly recompensed for his persecution of Christians. Julian became furious and resorted to even more savage tortures, but they did not break the will of the saint. Finally the Great Martyr Artemius was beheaded.

His relics were buried by Christians. After the death of St Artemius, his prophecy about Julian the Apostate’s impending death came true.
St Artemius is invoked by those suffering from hernias.

Saint Matrona of Chios (from here)

Icon from here
Saint Matrona of Chios (also called "Saint Matrona Chiopolitis") was born during the 15th century in the village of Volissos on the island of Chios, Greece. This is the same village in which St. Markella was martyred in 1462. The Church celebrates her memory on October 20, and the finding of her head on July 15.
Saint Matrona was born in the village of Volissos on Chios sometime in the fourteenth century. Her parents, Leon and Anna, were highly respected and well-to-do Christians. Mary was the youngest of seven children. From her youth, she showed an interest in monasticism. When the time came for her parents to arrange her marriage, she refused because she wanted to remain a virgin. To avoid this marriage, she left Volissos and went to an area overlooking the village, called Katavasis. Here she began her spiritual struggle by fasting and prayer. Soon other nuns joined her. [1] Her parents searched everywhere to find her. After locating her, they convinced her to return home. Mary complied with her parents' wishes, except for one—she refused to wed. Her parents, seeing that she still desired to lead a monastic life, gave her their consent to pursue her ambition.
When Mary's parents died, she distributed the farmland she inherited among her sisters and the orphans of the community. She left Volissos and returned to Katavasis. Her food was simple and brought to her by one of her sisters. After three years she left Katavasis and went to the capital of the island, where there were many women's monasteries. [2]

Upon visiting the different monasteries, Mary found a small secluded one consisting of three nuns: a mother and her two daughters. The nuns, realizing her sincerity, immediately welcomed her into their home. At this point Mary's name was changed to Matrona. (When a nun reaches a high point in her monastic life and becomes a Stavrophore, a new name is bestowed upon her, symbolizing a second baptism and a new way of life).

Matrona surpassed the other nuns in her devotion, spirituality, and understanding. Her sincerity convinced other girls to come to this monastery and lead the same type of life. The church itself was small, and so the abbess agreed with Matrona's plan to enlarge it and to build cells for the nuns. Any remaining farmland and personal belongings Matrona sold, and the monastery built a public bath with the money received from this sale so that the poor and wayfarers could bathe. These baths were very common at this time. After this, the renovation of the church began. When the church was completed (with the help of St. Artemios, to whom it was dedicated), the abbess of the monastery died. The nuns then elected Matrona as the new abbess. She showed charity to the poor, and was able to heal the sick.[1]

After the Genoese conquered the island of Chios, they plundered the island and the monasteries, including the monastery of St. Matrona. When one of these foreigners attempted to attack the nuns of the monastery, the saint prayed for divine help. From the heavens bolts of lightning fell to the ground, killing the assailant. The foreigners, seeing the destruction, fled from the island in fear.

After these events, Matrona dreamt of her own death. She suffered from an illness for seven days. In the seven days she advised the other nuns as a mother would advise her children. She received Holy Communion sometime before 1455.[1] She was buried in the monastery's church, in which she had spent the greater part of her life. To honor this great saint, Miracles are said to have occurred after her death. Many people with all manner of afflictions came to the church and were cured.

In the village of Katavasis, there was a church built to honor the place where St. Matrona had first started her spiritual struggles. Later, a larger church was built and the smaller one was used as a cemetery chapel.

The Holy Monastery of St. Matrona was built by the noble Roidis in 1470 near the village of Mesa Didima. He originally intended to build a summer villa; however, Matrona appeared to him in a dream and instructed him to build the monastery instead.[3] His sisters were the first two nuns to enter the monastery. The abbot of the monastery during the Turkish Occupation was the Holy Nikiforos of Chios. Nikiforos wrote the 24 Hymns of Agia Matrona. Today, four nuns dwell in the monastery. The monastery celebrates the saint's feast day on October 20 each year.

Άγιος μεγαλομάρτυς Αρτέμιος (από εδώ)

Ο άγ. Αρτέμιος, έργο Χρήστου Στύλου
Ο Άγιος Αρτέμιος ήταν διακεκριμένος πολιτικός του Βυζαντίου και ευσεβέστατος χριστιανός. Ο Μέγας Κωνσταντίνος, εκτιμώντας τα ηθικά και πολιτικά του χαρίσματα, του έδωσε το αξίωμα του πατρικίου και τον διόρισε Δούκα και Αυγουστάλιο της Αλεξανδρείας.

Το 357 μ.Χ. πηγαίνει στην Πάτρα, κατ' εντολή του Αυτοκράτορα Κωνστάντιου, γιου του Μεγάλου Κωνσταντίνου, για να παραλάβει τα σεπτά λείψανα του Αγίου Ανδρέα και να τα ανακομίσει στον νεόκτιστο Ναό των Αγίων αποστόλων στην Κωνσταντινούπολη (3 Μαρτίου 357 μ.Χ.).

Κατά την διαμονή του στην Πάτρα και με την επίβλεψη του κατασκεύασε υδραγωγείο. Στρατοπεδευμένος στην περιοχή της Μονής Γηροκομείου ελεούσε και βοηθούσε πλήθος αναξιοπαθούντων και κυρίως γερόντων, γεγονός που δικαιολογεί την τοπωνυμία Γηροκομείο.

Όταν, το 363 μ.Χ., ο Αρτέμιος άκουσε ότι ο Ιουλιανός ο Παραβάτης βασάνιζε τους χριστιανούς στην Αντιόχεια, ήλθαν στα χείλη του τα λόγια του ψαλμωδού Δαβίδ προς το Θεό: «Κύριε, πνεύματι ηγεμονικώ στήριξόν με» (Ψαλμός Ν' (50), στ. 14). Κύριε, στήριξε με με σκέψεις σταθερές και θέληση ισχυρή, που να κυριαρχεί μέσα μου και να με κατευθύνει στην υπεράσπιση του αγαθού με θάρρος.

Πράγματι, ο Αρτέμιος, με τη δύναμη που του έδωσε ο Θεός, πήγε αμέσως στην Αντιόχεια και με παρρησία ήλεγξε ευθέως τον Ιουλιανό για τις παρανομίες του κατά των χριστιανών. Ο Ιουλιανός, που δεν περίμενε τέτοια στάση από αξιωματούχο, τον συνέλαβε και τον μαστίγωσε αλύπητα. Έπειτα του έσπασε τα κόκαλα με πέτρες, και τελικά τον αποκεφάλισε. Το Ιερό λείψανο του Αρτεμίου παρέλαβε κάποια διακόνισσα, η Αρίστη, που το μετέφερε στην Κωνσταντινούπολη, στο ναό του προφήτου Προδρόμου.

Ἀπολυτίκιον Ἦχος πλ. α’. Τὸν συνάναρχον Λόγον.

Εὐσέβειας τοῖς τρόποις καλλωπιζόμενος, ἀθλητικῆς ἀγλαΐας ὤφθης, σοφὲ, κοινωνός, πρὸς ἀγῶνας ἀνδρικοὺς παραταξάμενος· ὅθεν ὡς λύχνος φωταυγής, τῶν θαυμάτων τὰς βολάς ἐκλάμπεις τῇ οἰκουμένῃ, Ἀρτέμιε Ἀθλοφόρε, πρὸς σωτηρίαν τῶν ψυχῶν ἡμῶν.

Αγία Ματρώνα η Χιοπολίτιδα (από εδώ).
Η εικ. από εδώ, όπου ιστολόγιο αφιερωμένο στην αγία.


Η Οσία Ματρώνα ονομαζόταν, αρχικά, Μαρία και γεννήθηκε στο χωριό Βολισσός της Χίου από γονείς ευσεβείς και πλουσίους, τον Λέοντα και την Άννα. Έξι άλλες αδελφές της Μαρίας, μεγαλύτερες της, παντρεύτηκαν η μία μετά την άλλη, περιζήτητες νύφες για την ομορφιά, την ανατροφή και για την καλή προίκα τους. Η μικρότερη αφοσιώθηκε στη μελέτη των θείων και ασχολείτο θερμά με φιλανθρωπικά καθήκοντα. Έτσι θέλησε να ακολουθήσει άλλο δρόμο. Η τακτική επαφή της με τις καλογριές των γυναικείων μοναστηριών του νησιού, έκανε τη Μαρία να ποθήσει την αγνή μοναχική ζωή. Αλλά η αγάπη προς τους γονείς της, τη συγκρατούσε στο πατρικό της σπίτι. Όταν όμως αυτοί πέθαναν η Μαρία δοκίμασε τη μοναχική ζωή κοντά σε μια ευσεβή χήρα, που ασκήτευε με τις δύο θυγατέρες της. 

Μετά απ' αυτή τη μοναχική εμπειρία, αποφάσισε να προσχωρήσει στις μοναχικές τάξεις. Χειροτονήθηκε λοιπόν μοναχή και μετονομάσθηκε Ματρώνα. Η διαγωγή της μέσα στη μικρή αδελφότητα ήταν άριστη. Η διάθεση της πάντοτε αγαθή, φιλάδελφη, ταπεινή και εγκάρδια. Μάλιστα, από τα έσοδα της πώλησης της περιουσίας της, κτίστηκε στο μοναστήρι ωραιότατος ναός. 

Μετά από κάποιο χρόνο, πέθανε η γυναίκα που κοντά της η Ματρώνα γυμνάστηκε στη μοναχική ζωή. Τότε όλες οι μοναχές από κοινού, εξέλεξαν ηγουμένη -παρά τη θέλησή της- τη Ματρώνα. Υπό τις οδηγίες της η αδελφότητα ζούσε με πολλή εγκράτεια, υπακοή και ευσέβεια. Το 1462 η Ματρώνα πέθανε, αφού έζησε ζωή πραγματικά αγία. (Άλλες πηγές υπολογίζουν τον χρόνο κοιμήσεως της Αγίας 100 περίπου χρόνια πριν το 1462, διότι η πρώτη βιογραφία της γράφτηκε από τον Μητροπολίτη Ρόδου Νείλο, 1357).

Σημείωση: Επειδή στα γυναικεία μοναστήρια συνήθιζαν να λέγουν την ηγουμένη κυρά, επικράτησε μέχρι και σήμερα να καλούμε την Οσία Ματρώνα, Αγία Κυρά και από αυτό προέρχονται και τα ονόματα Κυράτσω και Κερασιά που εορτάζουν σήμερα.

Συμπλήρωμα (από την ανάρτησή μας Χριστιανικά θαύματα σε μουσουλμάνους)
 
Όταν η αγία εντάχθηκε στο μικροσκοπικό μοναστήρι, όπου ζούσε η μητέρα με δυο κόρες της, αν και δεν ήταν ηγουμένη, πολλές γυναίκες παρακινήθηκαν, λόγω της αγιότητάς της, να μονάσουν κοντά της.Έτσι, η αγία, που είχε ήδη μοιράσει όλα τα χρήματα και τα κοσμήματά της στους φτωχούς, δαπάνησε και τα κτήματα της πατρικής της κληρονομιάς για να μεγαλώσει το μοναστήρι τους.

Κατά τις οικοδομικές εργασίες μάλιστα οι εργάτες βρήκαν έναν κρυμμένο θησαυρό. Τότε η αγία προσευχήθηκε με δάκρυα και είπε: «Κύριε, αν ο θησαυρός αυτός είναι σταλμένος από Σένα, φανέρωσέ μας το, αν όμως είναι παγίδα του διαβόλου, ας αφανιστεί». Και αμέσως ο θησαυρός μετατράπηκε σε ένα σωρό κάρβουνα. (Ίσως πρέπει η αγία να αναγορευτεί σε προστάτιδα του Χρηματιστηρίου –θα μας χρειαζόταν ένας έλεγχος σαν αυτόν).

Εικ. από εδώ
Ένα άλλο θαύμα της, ενώ ζούσε ακόμη και, χωρίς να το θέλει, οι μοναχές την είχαν εκλέξει ηγουμένη τους, ήταν το εξής: κάποτε βάρβαροι επιδρομείς από κάποια ευρωπαϊκή χώρα (Γενουάτες) επιτέθηκαν στο νησί και εισέβαλαν και στο μοναστήρι. Ένας απ’ αυτούς όρμησε να βιάσει μια μοναχή και αμέσως έπεσε νεκρός. Τότε η αγία δόξασε το Θεό, από τον Οποίο είχε ζητήσει προστασία, αλλά και προσευχήθηκε και αναστήθηκε ο επίδοξος βιαστής! Οι σύντροφοί του έμειναν άναυδοι και η αγία τους συγκέντρωσε, τους νουθέτησε και τους απέλυσε εν ειρήνη. Έφυγαν από το νησί και έκτοτε, όταν κάποτε επέστρεψαν, ήταν «ημερώτεροι και φιλανθρωπότεροι, και τα πρότερα δεινά δεν ετόλμησαν πλέον να κάμουν» (αγ. Νικοδήμου του Αγιορείτου, Νέον Μαρτυρολόγιον, εκδ. Αστήρ, 1993, σελ. 146-147).

Μετά την κοίμησή της (το θάνατό της) η αγία τέλεσε αμέτρητα θαύματα με τη δύναμη του Θεού. Πλήθος ασθενών θεραπεύτηκαν από διάφορες νόσους της ψυχής και του σώματος. Πολλοί από αυτούς διανυκτέρευαν στο ναό της, την έβλεπαν στον ύπνο τους και το πρωί είχαν θεραπευθεί. Ωστόσο ενέσκηψε η Τουρκοκρατία και η αγία τελούσε τα θαύματά της και σε χριστιανούς και σε μουσουλμάνους. Δύο απ’ αυτά αναφέρονται στο Νέον Μαρτυρολόγιον, σελ. 147 και 150. Τα μεταφέρουμε σε περίληψη:

Α. Στη μεγάλη πόλη της Μικράς Ασίας Μαγνησία ζούσε ένας Τούρκος πολύ πλούσιος, που έμεινε παράλυτος σε όλο το αριστερό μέρος του σώματός του. Παρά τις προσπάθειες των γιατρών και τα χρήματα που δαπάνησε, δεν ωφελήθηκε. Είχε όμως μια χριστιανή σκλάβα, τη Μαρία, η οποία του είπε: «Αφέντη μου, στη Χίο είναι μια μεγάλη αγία των χριστιανών, που γιατρεύει κάθε αρρώστια χωρίς βότανα και έμπλαστρα. Ας πάμε, να σε γιατρέψει».

Ο άρχοντας πήρε τη Μαρία και άλλους συνοδούς και πέρασε απέναντι, στη Χίο. Πήγαν στο ναό και η κοπέλα του είπε: «Ξεκουράσου λίγο και θα έρθει η γιάτρισσα να σε θεραπεύσει οπωσδήποτε» (είναι εκπληκτικό το θάρρος και η πίστη της, όπως επισημαίνει και ο άγ. Νικόδημος, γιατί θα μπορούσε η αγία, για κάποιο λόγο, να μη θεραπεύσει τον άρχοντα και η σκλάβα, που τον εξέθεσε κιόλας, να υποστεί τις συνέπειες). Όμως η αγία του εμφανίστηκε σε όνειρο και του είπε: «Για τα δάκρυα, τις προσευχές και την πίστη της ομώνυμής μου Μαρίας, της δούλης σου, σε θεραπεύω» [το όνομα της αγίας πριν γίνει μοναχή ήταν Μαρία]. «Σήκω και περπάτα στο όνομα του Κυρίου μου και πήγαινε υγιής στο σπίτι σου». Ο άρχοντας ξύπνησε εντελώς υγιής! Αφιέρωσε πολλά δώρα στο ναό και απελευθέρωσε τη Μαρία, η οποία παρέμεινε στο μοναστήρι και φρόντιζε το ναό για όλη την υπόλοιπη ευλογημένη ζωή της.

Το θαύμα αυτό προκάλεσε σάλο στη Μαγνησία, την πατρίδα του πρώην ασθενούς, και από τότε πολλοί Μαγνησιείς χριστιανοί έρχονταν κάθε χρόνο στη Χίο για να εορτάσουν τη μνήμη της αγίας, στις 20 Οκτωβρίου (γράφω «έρχονταν», γιατί οι χριστιανοί της Μαγνησίας ξεριζώθηκαν το 1922 και ήρθαν στην Ελλάδα ως πρόσφυγες).

Β. Το 1745 ήρθε στο ναό της αγίας οδηγούμενος από το χέρι ένας Τούρκος εντελώς τυφλός και παρακάλεσε τον εφημέριο (τον ιερέα) να ζητήσει από την αγία να του δώσει το φως του. Ο εφημέριος προσευχήθηκε και ο Τούρκος πήγε στο σπίτι του (ήταν κάτοικος της Χίου). Τη νύχτα είδε στον ύπνο του μια μοναχή, που του είπε να ξαναπάει στον παπά και να του ζητήσει νερό από «το λουτρό που είναι μέσα στο αρμάρι» (στο συρτάρι) να πλυθεί.

Έτσι και έγινε. Ο ιερέας αρχικά βρέθηκε σε αμηχανία, γιατί δεν υπήρχε εκεί κανένα λουτρό. Μετά σκέφτηκε τον αγιασμό που φύλαγε στο αρμάρι με την αγία κάρα (το κρανίο) της αγίας. Έδωσε στον τυφλό απ’ αυτόν κι εκείνος έπλυνε τα μάτια του και αμέσως είδε το φως του.

Ἀπολυτίκιον Ἦχος γ’. Τὴν ὡραιότητα
 
Χριστοῦ τοῖς ἴχνεσιν ἀκολουθήσασα, κόσμου τερπνότητα, Ὁσία, ἔλιπες, καὶ ἐμιμήσω ἐν σαρκί Ἀγγέλων τὴν πολιτείαν· ὅθεν ταῖς τοῦ Πνεύματος δωρεαῖς κατεφαίδρυνας, τὴν ἐνεγκαμένην σε νῆσον Χίον πανεύφημε· διὸ χαρμονικῶς ἐκβοᾷ σοι· χαίροις Ματρῶνα πανολβία.

Δες και:

Άλλοι άγιοι στις 20 & 21 Οκτωβρίου

Άγιοι της ευλογημένης και μαρτυρικής Χίου:




Γερόντισσες (ενότητα)

Πέμπτη 17 Οκτωβρίου 2019

St. Luke the Evangelist, "the beloved physician" (October 18th)


The Tomb of St. Luke the Evangelist, Thebes (Thiva), Greece (here)
 
"... On a side note, in 1992, then Metropolitan Ieronymos (now the Archbishop of Greece) made a formal request to the Catholic Archbishop of Padua to return a significant portion of the relics of St. Luke to his tomb in Thebes. This ended up prompting a large scientific endevour to determine if the relics in St. Justina's Church in Padua are really those belonging to the Evangelist. 
After many investigations, including DNA analyses (which linked the remains to someone of Syriac origin; St. Luke was born in Antioch), C-14 dating, and measurements of the lead sarcophagus, which actually matched the dimensions to the milimeter of St. Luke's tomb in Thebes, it was determined that there was significant scientific evidence that these remains belonged to St. Luke. 
To honor the Metropolitan's request, the Archbishop of Padua gave the Church in Thebes a rib from St. Luke, and the one closest to his heart. Thus, the Tomb of St. Luke in Thebes also bears a portion of his holy and grace-filled relics..."
 
See the article here please.
See also:

St. Luke the Evangelist, with scenes from his life
 
 St. Luke the Evangelist, "the beloved physician", 
COMMODILLA CATACOMBS, ITALY, ROME (from here),
7th Century (Orthodox Rome) 

Κυριακή 13 Οκτωβρίου 2019

PATRIARCHATE OF ALEXANDRIA – SYNODAL DECLARATION AGAINST VIOLENCE & NEW ORTHODOX BISHOPS IN AFRICA


 

With great splendor and majesty, today, October 9, 2019, the Patriarchal and Synodal Divine Liturgy was held at the Holy Patriarchal Monastery of Saint Savva of the Holy See in Alexandria, with the participation of all the Hierarchs of Africa, who “with one mouth and one heart”, in complete dedication to their Venerable Primate, came to commemorate the fifteen-year anniversary of the ascension to the Throne of the Apostle Mark of the spiritual leader and father of all Africa, His Beatitude Theodoros II, Patriarch of Alexandria and all Africa.

Also present were the Consul General of Greece in Alexandria Mr. Athanasios Kotsionis, the Chairmen of the Hellenic Communities of Cairo and Alexandria Messrs. Christos Kavalis and Edmond Kasimatis, agents and Associations of the City of Alexandria and a large number of believers. During the Divine Liturgy, His Beatitude performed the ordination to the Diaconate of the Arabic-speaking Monk Parthenius Elnagar, while on the feast day His Eminence Metropolitan Nikidimos of Memphis, Patriarchal Vicar of Cairo gave the address.

In his reply, His Beatitude, once again moved and in tears, touched upon the issue of Migration, and embraced with his mind and heart those people who wished to avoid the injustice of war and all that it entailed, go as far as to sacrifice their lives, turning the waters of the Mediterranean into a “tomb for a drop of freedom”. Taking the opportunity from the presence of the Lyceum Club of Greek Women from Florina, who came to commemorate with their presence the anniversary of the Alexandrian Primate, he referred to our always Greek Macedonia, from which the Patriarch himself draws his origins, from his mother’s side.

In the afternoon of the same day the Holy and Sacred Synod continued its deliberations. At the start, His Beatitude awarded the medal of Supreme Commander of the Order of St Savvas, for those who this year had completed 10 years of hierarchical ministry, Their Eminences the Metropolitans Savvas of Nubia and Niphon of Pilousion. Thereafter the Holy Metropolis of Madagascar, following the establishment of the Holy Diocese of Toliara and South Madagascar, was renamed the “Holy Metropolis of Antananarivo and Northern Madagascar”, while the Holy Diocese of Bukoba was re-established for pastoral reasons, with His Grace Agathonikos Bishop of Arusha undertaking the responsibilities of locum tenens. Also, another new Ecclesiastical Province of the Throne was established, under the title of Holy Diocese of Eldoret in Kenya.

Thereafter, following the appointment of His Eminence Narcissus of Accra to the position of active Synodal Metropolitan of Naucratis, Most Honoured and Exarch of the Nile lands of Egypt, keeping the position of Patriarchal Vicar of Alexandria, the Very Reverend Petros Parginos was appointed as Metropolitan of Accra and the Very Reverend Markos Theodosi as Provincial Bishop of Kisumu. In conclusion Archimandrite Germanos Galanis was elected as Bishop of Tamiathus beside His Beatitude.

The session was completed with the recommendation of His Grace Sylvester Bishop of Goulou on the subject: Pastoral treatment of the issue of Magic in African countries ".

Bishop of Goulou Sylvester (from here)
 

With the recommendation of His Grace Prodromos, Bishop of Toliara, "Proposed applications of modern technology in the practice of Ecclesiastical work in African continent today", as well as the adoption of the text of the Synodal Declaration against violence, the deliberations of the Holy and Sacred Synod of the Patriarchate of Alexandria were completed today 10th October, 2019.

The Pope and Patriarch of Alexandria and All Africa, Theodoros II, concluded the deliberations of the Holy Synod, expressing his gratitude to all the Hierarchs of the Apostolic Throne of St. Mark for their sacrificial pastoral work on the African continent, but also his gratitude for the supportive love which they always show him during the undertaking of his multi-responsible duties. Shortly before the end of the Session, His Beatitude briefed the Hierarchy on the telephone communication he had with His Beatitude Ioannis, Patriarch of Antioch, to whom he expressed support, both from himself and from the Holy Synod for the new ordeal, which has broken out in the area of his jurisdiction.

His Beatitude then hosted a farewell lunch in the Great Patriarchal Refectory in honour of the Honorable Members of the Holy Synod. 


SYNODAL DECLARATION AGAINST VIOLENCE

At a time which boasts of its scientific and technological achievements, the observation of the disparagement and exploitation of humans by humans, stigmatize all of humanity. It is inconceivable to boast that we have progressed so scientifically, and that we tend to be indifferent to the justice of man, to his fellow man, to his fellow man. It is inconceivable to boast that we have progressed so scientifically, and yet we tolerate or tend to be indifferent to the injustice of man, to his fellow man, to violence, to crime, to any form of exploitation.

The journey of mankind without God, having set as a priority the material or narrow self-centered profit, does not only negate the Gospel, but these days tends to breakdown all moral value, setting as the antithesis of the Gospel words “God is love”, the words “the other is my hell”.

It is inconceivable, with the pretext of various beliefs, religions, genders, colors and profits, that man is capable of violence against man.

Bearing a long tradition as the oldest bearers of the word of the Gospel in Africa and having a lengthy experience in our Pastoral and sacrificial service in North Africa, from the Horn of Maghreb on the equator and the so-called Dark Africa to the Cape of Good Hope, we have walked through wars, riots, discrimination, civil wars and violations of elementary human rights, many of them, and in many ways, some not even self-explanatory in some areas.

Bearing the sacred duty of the ministry of people and knowing from within the weight, the pain and the wounds of the Cross and the Resurrection dimension, we denounce all forms of violence and injustice from wherever they emanate, and we journey together in deep sadness and, of course , hope, about the course the world has taken and the return of all the good that is promised us.

Knowing in fact that even in the worst situations there is a remnant of humanity, we address that remnant and give it space, the space in our hearts and our prayers, for it to bloom and multiply. We call every person of good will to journey with us in this effort, so that peace may prevail and justice, humanity and respect for life may reign in all mankind.

Παρασκευή 11 Οκτωβρίου 2019

The Best Place – The Worst Place – Orthodoxy in Location

 
“The Orthodox are the least suited to consumer capitalist values.”
What constitutes the best place to live? Anywhere you are. God is there and never elsewhere.
 


From time to time, I read articles on the “10 Worst Cities in America,” or the State. There are similar articles on the “best.” The thoughts offered remind me of the article published earlier this year in which the Orthodox (worldwide) were described as the “least happy” people of any religious group. If you scratch the surface of these musings, you quickly discover that the scale of best and worst, happy and unhappy, are measurements based largely on modern, urban metrics. No small town anywhere could make the “best” list unless it offered a dozen coffee shops with exotic choices, four or five music venues, really great medical services, and a “feel” of somehow being “cool.” Similarly, the Orthodox happy measure was based largely on the values of consumer capitalism. The study would have been better worded, “The Orthodox are the least suited to consumer capitalist values.” Of course, the Eastern cultures of the former Communist bloc, where the largest concentration of Orthodox live, are relatively inexperienced in consumerist thought – either because it’s so new, or because their economies have yet to find their way to the trough.

All of this reflects a highly urban culture that is finely tuned towards the cutting-edge of global consumption. Aimed towards Millennials, it follows the decades-long trend of marketing youth and a sense of being “in-the-know” regarding various social trends and tastes. Cities are being reshaped in this image. My hometown, Greenville, SC, has become one of the “hottest” of such renaissance modern hotspots. Its mainstreet is awash in restaurants and trendy shops with a huge concentration of urban condominiums in the mix. An area that was once depressed and largely deserted in the former hub of the American textile industry, it now feels like an upscale backdrop for shooting an episode of Friends (that probably dates me). Not everybody can live in Seattle or San Francisco, but our medium cities can be made to look and feel as though they were. My present near-neighbor city, Knoxville, TN, wants to be Greenville (just like it wants a winning football team). 
 
Photo from here

Of course, all of this is marketed. There is not a non-commercial movement towards urbanization or metropolitan global culture. Cities (and so-called “high culture”) are sold as fashion statements. Certain locations “get hot.” There are real estate market booms. Newspapers and magazines profile the “hip” culture that is now in (pick a town). But is any of this real?

Consumer happiness is the most ephemeral thing on the planet. The “desire” for something is manufactured through various forms of advertising (including “trend setters”). And the object/experience desired is met through the magic of consumer capitalism with the result of “satisfaction,” i.e. “happy people.” The same commercial forces could initiate a campaign tomorrow in which life in the city would be vilified and disparaged. In a short time, the happiness quotient would have declined when nothing has, in fact, changed. We are (sadly) as advertised.

There are, of course, very concrete factors that fuel the movement towards urbanization. Jobs. Not every small town offers work in every field. The movement of populations throughout history has been something of a constant. It is also accompanied by vast social changes. Among the most striking consequences of modern mobility has been the disappearance of the extended family (in any practical sense). The presence of aunts, uncles, cousins, and multiple generations requires a stability that is incompatible with modern mobile populations. Natural supporting structures afforded by the extended family, if they are replaced, yield to small affinity groups, cobbled together in new places. For many, such groups never happen. When all is well (read “young and healthy”), such groups can seem unimportant. It is in the inevitable settings of suffering and sickness that their lack leaves individuals isolated and abandoned. 
 
 
I have written repeatedly that we cannot change the world, that we will not “make the world a better place.” I do not suggest this out of hopelessness, but out of a reasonable facing of facts. Our culture of “democracy” lures us into thinking that we not only can change things, but that we must. The result is a great deal of frustration or delusion. In both cases, attending to changing things tends to ignore the importance of actually living. In the midst of a highly urbanized culture that celebrates its own imaginary virtues (diversity, fluidity, adaptability, etc.), the real question for a Christian is how to simply live (and to live simply).

The answer is quite old: be in the world but not of the world.

The Jews of ancient Israel found themselves in very foreign territory from time to time: Egypt, Assyria, Babylon, Greece, Rome. In all such circumstances, the question was how to be a faithful Jew. The same is true for us. How do we live as faithful Orthodox Christians? For one, we avoid, where possible, making ourselves hostage to settings in which the ability to live as a faithful Orthodox Christian is hindered. For example, why would an Orthodox Christian choose to relocate to somewhere in which attendance at liturgy might be near impossible? It happens, and sometimes there are good reasons (particularly in our American context). Career, it seems to me, should be near the bottom of the list.

How we spend our money and our time are important. How we do the “little things” of the day. Living with awareness and gratitude – not as an afterthought, but as a way of life – are essential. Modernity teaches us to avoid suffering and to maximize pleasure. The Cross teaches us that there is no goodness that is not somehow marked by suffering. We rightly reject the path of least resistance and the lure of an easy life. Our path should be marked by love (laying down our life for others) as we seek to unite ourselves to Christ in all things.

Catching grief for having unpopular opinions (such as on social media) does not constitute suffering or persecution. We should not confuse them. If possible, the suffering and persecution we endure should be on account of our actions and not our sentiments. A culture in which “Christianity” dominates because it is enforced by majority rule and action is not a mark of great virtue – it is the simple rule of the jungle in which the weak are ruled by the strong. Making Christianity stronger than other things (in such a venue) does not represent a triumph of the faith. No hearts need change for such a thing. 

 
A picture is worth a thousand words. 
Or more. From here & here.
 
If we follow the way of the Cross, we should be prepared to lose – a lot. Nothing could be clearer in the teachings of Christ. If there is a deep, immediate need in the life of the Church in the modern setting, it is to create the sort of community that can model and sustain a cruciform life in its members. Celebrating the rich, the famous, sports stars and such, makes the Church little different than the world. There is a reason why canonical heroes (saints) are mostly martyrs.

When I have written about and underlined the importance of Fr. Thomas Hopko’s 55 maxims, it is because of their consistency with the cruciform life. That life and its virtues are acquired through small and faithful practices. If you want virtue, memorize them and practice them.

I return to where I began. What constitutes the best place to live? Anywhere you are. God is there and never elsewhere. If the will of God takes you to another place, the best place will be there as well. What is essential in being human, particularly a human among humans, does not depend on the trends of consumption. It flows from the Cross and the Cross alone.

See also

 
Orthodox Church & Capitalism: Orthodox Fathers of Church on poverty, wealth and social justice
Is capitalism compatible with Orthodox Christianity?
Grace and “the Inverted Pyramid”
Weak, Sick, Poor, Tired: A Story for Losers
Why Orthodox Men Love Church

The Kingdom of Heaven, where racial discrimination has no place
"THE WAY" - An Introduction to the Orthodox Faith
St. Justin Popovic: Whither does humanistic culture lead?
The Church as the Liberated Zone: "All we Christians are terrorists..." 

Τετάρτη 9 Οκτωβρίου 2019

Panikhida for fr Raphael of Philadelphia, the first African American Orthodox Priest


St. Simon of Cyrene Orthodox Mission (Orthodox African Americans)


Saturday, October 26
 
Icon from here

Panikhida (in Wikipedia): A memorial service (Greek: μνημόσυνον, mnemósynon, "memorial"; Slavonic: панихида, panikhída, from Greek παννυχίς, pannychis, "vigil"; Romanian: parastas and Serbian парастос, parastos, from Greek παράστασις, parástasis) is a liturgical solemn service for the repose of the departed in the Eastern Orthodox Church and those Eastern Catholic Churches, which follow the Byzantine Rite (more here).


Who is Fr. Father Raphael Morgan?

St. Simon of Cyrene Orthodox Mission

The Early Life of Father Raphael Morgan

Robert Josias Morgan was born in Chapelton, Clarendon Parish, Jamaica, either in the late 1860s or early 1870s to Robert Josias and Mary Ann (née Johnson) Morgan. He was born six months after his father's death and named in his honor. He was raised in the Anglican tradition and received elementary schooling locally.

In his teenage years Morgan travelled to Colón, Panama, then to British Honduras, back to Jamaica, and then to the United States. There he became a minister in the African Methodist Episcopal Church (AME), the first independent black denomination in the United States. He traveled to Germany as a missionary. 


Church of England 
 
Morgan went to England, where he joined the established Church of England. He was sent to the colony of Sierra Leone to serve at the Church Missionary Society Grammar School at Freetown. There he studied Greek, Latin, and other higher-level subjects. Morgan also worked in a paid position as second master at a public school at Freetown. He took courses in the Church Missionary Society College at Fourah Bay in Freetown.

The colony was established in the late eighteenth century as a place for resettlement of the "Black Poor of London" (many of them Black Loyalists of the British colonies, African-American slaves who had been freed by the British during the American Revolutionary War). They were joined by Black Loyalists who voluntarily resettled in Freetown after having first been taken to Nova Scotia, as well as by Jamaican Maroons, and Africans liberated from slave ships by the British navy in the years after the abolition of the Atlantic slave trade.

Morgan was next appointed as a missionary teacher and lay-reader by Samuel David Ferguson, the Episcopal Bishop of Liberia, a country adjacent to Sierra Leone. Morgan later said, during a trip to Jamaica in 1901, that he had served five years in West Africa, three years of this time in missionary work. Liberia had been set up as a colony for the resettlement of free blacks from the United States, and was supported by the American Colonization Society before the American Civil War.

After Morgan returned to England for private study, he travelled to the United States to work as a lay reader in the African-American community. He was accepted as a Postulant and as candidate for the Episcopal deaconate in the Episcopal Church USA. During the canonical waiting period before ordination, Morgan again returned to England. He was said to have studied at Saint Aidan's Theological College in Birkenhead, and completed his studies at King's College at the University of London, although the colleges do not have records of his attendance. 


Episcopal Church USA 
 
 

After Morgan returned to the United States, he was ordained as deacon on June 20, 1895, by the Rt. Rev. Leighton Coleman, bishop of the Episcopal Diocese of Delaware, and a well-known opponent of racism. Morgan was appointed honorary curator at St Matthews' Church in Wilmington, Delaware, serving there from 1896 to 1897. He also taught in public schools in Delaware. From 1897 he served the Episcopal Church in Charleston, West Virginia.

In 1898, Morgan was transferred to the Missionary Jurisdiction of Asheville, North Carolina (now in the Diocese of Western North Carolina). By 1899 he was listed as being assistant minister at St. Stephen's Chapel in Morganton, North Carolina and St. Cyprian's Church in Lincolnton, North Carolina.

In 1901-1902 Morgan visited his homeland, Jamaica. In October 1901 he gave an address to the Jamaica Church Missionary Union on West Africa and mission work. He also gave a lecture in Port Maria in October 1902, entitled "Africa - Its People, Tribes, Idolatry, Customs".

Between 1900 and 1906, Morgan moved around much of the Eastern seaboard in the US. From 1902 to 1905 he served at Richmond, Virginia, in 1905 at Nashville, Tennessee, and by 1906 at Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. His address was in care of the Church of the Crucifixion.

At some point during this period, Morgan joined the American Catholic Church (ACC), a sect of the Episcopal Church founded by Joseph René Vilatte, a former Roman Catholic. Morgan was listed in the records of the Episcopal Church USA as late as 1908, when he was suspended from ministry the result of allegations of abandoning his post. 


Orthodoxy
Trip to Russia

By the turn of the 20th century, Morgan began to question his faith, and he began intensive study of Anglicanism, Catholicism, and Eastern Orthodoxy over a three-year period. He was in search of what he called the true religion. He concluded that the Orthodox Church was "the pillar and ground of truth", resigned from the Episcopal Church, and embarked on an extensive trip abroad beginning in 1904 in the Russian Empire.

Once there, Morgan visited various monasteries and churches, including sites in Odessa, St. Petersburg, Moscow and Kiev. As a black American, he attracted attention. Sundry periodicals began publishing pictures and articles on him, and soon Morgan became a special guest of the Tsar. He was allowed to be present for the anniversary celebrations of Nicholas II's coronation, and the memorial service said for the repose of the soul of the late Emperor Alexander III.

Leaving Russia, Morgan traveled the Ottoman Empire, Cyprus, and the Holy Land. After he returned to the US, he published an open letter in the Russian-American Orthodox Messenger (Vestnik) in 1904 about his experiences in Russia. He expressed hope that the Episcopal Church could unite with the Orthodox Churches. Morgan continued his spiritual quest. 


Study and trip to Ecumenical Patriarchate

For another three years, Morgan studied under Greek priests in the United States for his baptism, eventually deciding to seek entry and ordination in the Greek Orthodox Church. In January 1906, he is documented as "assisting" in the Christmas liturgy. In 1907 the Greek community in Philadelphia referred Morgan to the Ecumenical Patriarchate in Constantinople, along with two letters of support. Fr. Demetrios Petrides, the Greek priest serving the Philadelphia community, described Morgan as a man sincerely coming to Orthodoxy after long and diligent study, and recommended his baptism and ordination into the priesthood. The second letter was from the Ecclesiastical Committee of the Philadelphia Greek Orthodox Church, saying that Morgan could serve as an assistant priest if he failed to form a separate Orthodox parish among Black Americans.

In Constantinople, Morgan was interviewed by Metropolitan Joachim (Phoropoulos) of Pelagonia, one of the few bishops of the Ecumenical Patriarchate who could speak English. Metropolitan Joachim examined Morgan noting that he had a "deep knowledge of the teachings of the Orthodox Church" and that he also had a certificate from the president of the Methodist Community, duly notarized, stating that he was a man "of high calling and of a religious life". He agreed to his baptism. 


Baptism and ordination
 

Metr. Joachim (Phoropoulos) of Pelagonia, 

Fr. Raphael's consecrator

On August 2, 1907, the Holy Synod approved that the baptism take place the following Sunday in the Church of the Life-giving Source at the Patriarchal Monastery at Balıklı, in Constantinople. Metropolitan Joachim (Phoropoulos) of Pelagonia was to officiate at the sacrament, and the sponsor was to be Bishop Leontios (Liverios) of Theodoroupolis, Abbot of the Monastery at Balıklı. On Sunday August 4, 1907, Robert was baptised "Raphael" before 3000 people; subsequently he was ordained a deacon on August 12, 1907, by Metropolitan Joachim; and finally ordained a priest on the feast of the Dormition of the Theotokos, August 15, 1907.

According to the contemporary Uniateperiodical L'Echo d' Orient, which sarcastically described Morgan's baptism as triple immersion, the Metropolitan conducted the sacraments of Baptism and Ordination in English, following which Fr. Raphael chanted the Divine Liturgy in English. With Fr. Raphael Morgan's ordination in the Greek Orthodox Church he became the first African-American Orthodox priest.

Fr. Raphael was sent back to the US with vestments, a cross, and 20 pounds sterling for his traveling expenses. He was allowed to hear confessions, but denied Holy Chrism and an antimension, presumably to attach his missionary ministry to the Philadelphia church. The minutes of the Holy Synod from October 2, 1907, made it clear that Fr. Raphael was to be under the jurisdiction of Rev. Petrides of Philadelphia. After he was thoroughly trained in liturgics and was able to establish a separate Orthodox parish, he could gain independence. 


Return to America 

 
Recorded as Raffaele Morgan at Ellis Island, he landed in New York in December 1907. Fr. Raphael baptized his wife and children in the Orthodox Church.

The last mention of Fr. Raphael in Patriarchal records is in the minutes of the Holy Synod of November 4, 1908, which cite a letter from him recommending an Anglican priest of Philadelphia, named "A.C.V. Cartier", as a candidate for conversion to Orthodoxy and ordination as a priest. Cartier was rector of the African Episcopal Church of St. Thomas, in Philadelphia, from 1906 to 1912. The church served the African-American elite of Philadelphia and was one of the most prestigious congregations in African-American Christianity. It was started in 1794 by Absalom Jones, who had been an early leader with Richard Allen of the Free African Union. This preceded Allen's founding of the African Methodist Episcopal Church.

In 1909, Charlotte Morgan filed for divorce alleging cruelty and failure to support their children. Fr. Raphael retained custody of their 13-year-old daughter, Roberta Viola Morgan. Their 9-year-old son Cyril Ignatius lived with his mother in Delaware County, where she remarried. 


Monastic tonsure 
 
In 1911 Morgan sailed to Cyprus, presumably to be tonsured a hieromonk. (But, Fr. Oliver Herbel (OCA) has suggested that in 1911 Morgan was tonsured in Athens.)

Possibly at this time, he claimed to have founded what he called the Order of the Cross of Golgotha (O.C.G.). As noted above, the Archives of the Church of Greece contain no information about Morgan. 


Lecture tour in Jamaica 

 
According to an April 1913 article in the Jamaica Times, Fr. Raphael was headquartered at Philadelphia where he wanted to build a chapel for his missionary efforts. It reported that he had recently visited Europe to collect funds to this end, and had the intention of extending his work to the West Indies.

Near the end of 1913, Fr. Raphael visited his homeland of Jamaica, staying for several months. While there, he met a group of Syrians, who were complaining of a lack of Orthodox churches on the island. Fr. Raphael did his best to contact the Syrian-American diocese of the Russian church, writing to St. Raphael of Brooklyn. As most descendants of the Syrians in Jamaica are now communicants in the Episcopal Church, the Russian Orthodox Church may have established a mission here; this presumably came to no avail. In December, a Russian warship came to port, and he co-celebrated the Divine Liturgy with the sailors, their chaplain, and his new-found Syrians.

Morgan chiefly conducted a lecture circuit that he ran throughout Jamaica. Given the lack of Orthodox churches, Fr. Raphael gave his talks at churches of other denomination. He discussed his travels, the Holy Land, and Holy Orthodoxy. At some point, he returned to Chapelton, where he told attendees regarding his name change, "I will always be Robert to you".

According to the Daily Gleaner edition of November 2, 1914, Fr. Raphael had just set sail for America to start mission work under his Faith.

Last known records 

 


Fr Raphael Morgan died July 29, 1922 and buried August 1, 1922

According to a 1915 short biography, Morgan had resided all over the world, including: "in Palestine, Syria, Joppa, Greece, Cyprus, Mytilene, Chios, Sicily, Crete, Egypt, Russia, Ottoman Turkey, Austria, Germany, England, France, Scandinavia, Belgium, Holland, Italy, Switzerland, Bermuda, and the United States."

In 1916 Fr. Raphael was still in Philadelphia, having made the Philadelphia Greek parish his base of operations. The last documentation of Fr. Raphael comes from a letter to the Daily Gleaner on October 4, 1916. Representing a group of about a dozen Jamaican-Americans, he wrote to protest the lectures of Black Nationalist Marcus Garvey. They felt Garvey's views damaged the reputation of their homeland and its people. They objected to Garvey saying he preferred the prejudice of American whites to that of English whites. Garvey said that the letter was a conspiratorial fabrication meant to undermine the success and favour he had gained while in Jamaica and in the United States. Little is known of Fr. Raphael's later life. The Greek Orthodox Archdiocese of America has records neither of Fr. Raphael Morgan, nor of Fr. Demetrios Petrides. Records in the archives for this Philadelphia community do not begin until 1918.

As noted, Morgan's daughter said on her passport that her father had died between 1916 and 1924. In the 1970s Greek-American historian Paul G. Manolis interviewed surviving members of the Greek Community of the Annunciation in Philadelphia, who recalled the black priest who had been part of their community. Grammatike Kritikos Sherwin said that Fr. Raphael's daughter left to attend Oxford University. Kyriacos Biniaris said that Morgan spoke broken Greek and served with Fr. Petrides, reciting the liturgy mostly in English. George Liacouras recalled that after serving in Philadelphia for some years, Fr. Raphael left for Jerusalem, never to return.

Fr. Raphael Morgan died August 1, 1922 in Philadelphia and is buried in the Historic Eden Cemetery 1434 Springfield Road Collingdale, Pennsylvania 1902. Note: Fr. Raphael Morgan was given a pauper's funeral, buried in obscurity, and laid to rest by Pro-Royalist Fr. Thomas Daniels.

Rev. Father Thomas J. Daniels

 
Fr. Raphael Morgan laid to rest by Fr. Thomas Daniels. 
The Rev. Father Thomas J. Daniels was born in Greece, the youngest of three brothers. He was ordained in 1910 in Thrace. He became a church administrator and from 1913 to 1916 he was a regimental chaplain in the Greek Army. In 1916, he came to the United States and served in New England before he came to Saints Constantine and Helen Church which was then located at Sixth and C Streets Southwest. A new church located at Sixteenth and Upshur Streets was built in 1954.

He was pastor of the church for over 36 years. He was decorated by both the Greek and Yugoslav governments and in 1956 received the highest honor for a priest of the Greek Orthodox Church when the Ecumenical Patriarch of Constantinople elevated him to Economos of the Holy See. He had received the Golden Cross of St. George from King Paul of Greece and the Yugoslav Golden Cross from King Peter of Yugoslavia. He was given the Cross of the Holy Sepulcher by the Patriarch of Jerusalem. He died at the age of 66 at Georgetown Hospital on Friday, June 15, 1956 of a liver condition.

He had been ill since the end of March. Survivors included his widow, Panagiota of 5435 Connecticut Avenue Northwest; one son, Vaisilos I. Daniels of New York City and two daughters, Mrs. Evanthia George and Mrs. Aphrodite Nanopulos, both living in Greece; eight grandchildren and three great-grandchildren. Arrangements were by Chambers’ Funeral Home at 1400 Chapin Street Northwest. Services were at the Greek Orthodox Church Saints Constantine and Helen at 4115 16th Street Northwest. The divine liturgy of St. John Chrysostom was celebrated before the burial ritual. Interment was in Glenwood Cemetery. The family requested contributions to the building fund of Saints Constantine and Helen Church in lieu of flowers.

Sources: The Evening Star, Saturday, June 16, 1956 and Monday, June 18, 1956.


See also

St. Simon of Cyrene Orthodox Mission
Fr Raphael Morgan, the First Black Orthodox Priest in America 
St. Simon of Cyrene & Black History Month (February 27th: St. Simon’s Day) [icon] 
 
African-American Orthodoxy — Eight principal areas of convergence between African spirituality and Ancient Christianity   
Fr. Moses Berry, a descendant of African slaves, Orthodox priest and teacher in USA
Ancient Christian faith (Orthodox Church) in Africa