Extreme poverty

En.wikipedia.org

Extreme poverty, abject poverty, absolute poverty, destitution, or penury, was defined by the United Nations (UN) in its 1995 report of the World Summit for Social Development as "a condition characterized by severe deprivation of basic human needs, including food, safe drinking water, sanitation facilities, health, shelter, education and information. It depends not only on income but also on access to services."^[2] Historically, other definitions have been proposed within the United Nations.
In 2018, extreme poverty widely refers to an income below the international poverty line of $1.90 per day (in 2011 prices, equivalent to $2.12 in 2018), set by the World Bank. In October 2015, the World Bank updated the international poverty line, a global absolute minimum, to $1.90 a day.^[3] This is the equivalent of $1.00 a day in 1996 US prices, hence the widely used expression "living on less than a dollar a day".^[4] The vast majority of those in extreme poverty reside in South Asia, Sub-Saharan Africa, the West Indies, East Asia, and the Pacific. As of 2018, it is estimated that the country with the most people living in extreme poverty is Nigeria, at 86 million.^[1][5][6]
In the past, the vast majority of the world population lived in conditions of extreme poverty.^[7][8] The percentage of the global population living in absolute poverty fell from over 80% in 1800 to 20% by 2015.^[9] According to United Nations estimates, in 2015 roughly 734 million people or 10% remained under those conditions.^[10] The number had previously been measured as 1.9 billion in 1990, and 1.2 billion in 2008. Despite the significant number of individuals still below the international poverty line, these figures represent significant progress for the international community, as they reflect a decrease of more than one billion people over 15 years.^[10]
In public opinion surveys around the world, people surveyed tend to incorrectly think that extreme poverty has not decreased.^[11][12]
The reduction of extreme poverty and hunger was the first Millennium Development Goal (MDG1), as set by the United Nations in 2000. Specifically, the target was to reduce the extreme poverty rate by half by 2015, a goal that was met five years ahead of schedule. In the Sustainable Development Goals, which succeeded the MDGs, the goal is to end extreme poverty in all its forms everywhere. With this declaration the international community, including the UN and the World Bank have adopted the target of ending extreme poverty by 2030.

 

Contents

• 1 Definition
  • 1.1 Previous definitions
  • 1.2 Consumption-based definition
  • 1.3 Alternative definitions
• 2 Current trends
  • 2.1 Getting to zero
  • 2.2 Exacerbating factors
• 3 International initiatives
  • 3.1 Millennium Summit
  • 3.2 2005 World Summit
  • 3.3 Sustainable Development Goals
  • 3.4 Least Developed Country conferences
• 4 Organizations working to end extreme poverty
  • 4.1 International organizations
    • 4.1.1 World Bank
    • 4.1.2 United Nations
  • 4.2 Bilateral organizations
    • 4.2.1 USAID
    • 4.2.2 DfID
  • 4.3 Non-governmental organizations
    • 4.3.1 Campaigns
• 5 See also
• 6 References
• 7 External links

 

See also  

The poverty threshold, poverty limit or poverty line  

Poverty 

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