tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-20563030342800099912024-03-16T03:11:22.175-07:00Orthodox Christian Initiative for AfricaWe are Orthodox Christian Greeks.
Because we are Orthodox Christians, we love our country, our people and all the peoples of the earth; this of course includes our African brothers and sisters.ΝΕΚΡΟΣ ΓΙΑ ΤΟΝ ΚΟΣΜΟhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/02509837341423212543noreply@blogger.comBlogger1979125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2056303034280009991.post-10297110279082600072024-03-16T03:10:00.000-07:002024-03-16T03:10:34.850-07:00Tanzania: Authorities brutally violated Maasai amid forced evictions from ancestral lands<p><span style="font-family: georgia; font-size: large;"> </span></p><p></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: georgia; font-size: large;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg2EIzNWRydzbLzpfkCNjqEbEbyeZFKfufsn9RTLReL6thUaQcWx4BYEGz61VacwGMKjx9R1ciusTLvoEOJt_1jyR97fjZ3VlQHtH1bh7szJvYR6pM2kEoxpg36CAFBUiMdx1ChhUfojIAhKWlbIwOpKl9ZNcaid40G_gYjabTrV2o_zvMAB_hdut8SQTA/s749/IMG-20230601-WA0019_crop.webp" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="366" data-original-width="749" height="312" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg2EIzNWRydzbLzpfkCNjqEbEbyeZFKfufsn9RTLReL6thUaQcWx4BYEGz61VacwGMKjx9R1ciusTLvoEOJt_1jyR97fjZ3VlQHtH1bh7szJvYR6pM2kEoxpg36CAFBUiMdx1ChhUfojIAhKWlbIwOpKl9ZNcaid40G_gYjabTrV2o_zvMAB_hdut8SQTA/w640-h312/IMG-20230601-WA0019_crop.webp" width="640" /></a></span></div><p></p><p><span style="font-family: georgia; font-size: large;"><a href="https://www.amnesty.org/en/latest/news/2023/06/tanzanian-authorities-brutally-violated-maasai-amid-forced-evictions/">Tanzania: Authorities brutally violated Maasai amid forced evictions from ancestral lands</a></span></p><header class="page-title"><span style="font-family: georgia; font-size: large;"><a href="https://www.ncronline.org/news/we-will-not-go-anywhere-maasai-resist-tanzanian-government-evictions">'We will not go anywhere': Maasai resist Tanzanian government evictions</a></span></header><header class="page-title"><span style="font-family: georgia; font-size: large;"> </span>
</header><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: georgia; font-size: large;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhVaw9Cpam3wpoxrZ5Hktk37UdDB7OHOtsPACq8hQEIjw5f1Wx6Me7k-kLFNGj5Ehyphenhyphentt4dkmL8yjOmDn7J7LsKnR5vB9re8UEEGIez_nGqR2zBBvi7RfUGAtNr7czY-hmzP3fyYjsZhu7Zg2S8s6Sp_wPYX711kKByUhDFqxiv1XjX4jhoh7seeZCpwrxw/s1000/Photo%206%20Endulen%20Hospital%20CROP.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="691" data-original-width="1000" height="276" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhVaw9Cpam3wpoxrZ5Hktk37UdDB7OHOtsPACq8hQEIjw5f1Wx6Me7k-kLFNGj5Ehyphenhyphentt4dkmL8yjOmDn7J7LsKnR5vB9re8UEEGIez_nGqR2zBBvi7RfUGAtNr7czY-hmzP3fyYjsZhu7Zg2S8s6Sp_wPYX711kKByUhDFqxiv1XjX4jhoh7seeZCpwrxw/w400-h276/Photo%206%20Endulen%20Hospital%20CROP.jpg" width="400" /></a></span></div><p><span style="font-family: georgia; font-size: large;"><a href="https://www.oaklandinstitute.org/urgent-alert-tanzanian-government-rampage-against-indigenous-people">URGENT ALERT: Tanzanian Government on a Rampage Against Indigenous People</a> </span></p><p><span style="font-family: georgia; font-size: large;"><a href="https://www.nytimes.com/2024/02/20/opinion/indigenous-peoples-biodiversity-climate.html">Kicking Native People Off Their Land Is a Horrible Way to Save the Planet</a></span></p><p><span style="font-family: georgia; font-size: large;"></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: georgia; font-size: large;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhTGmtvX7RkI4NEDRP1B_XIXzmVP79VMjGWzvdd8TDLk9pnDfagmgwNPeiI8WJcVOE_13sE7hXTLmAOwXI-gjAm0XXSMHnEh2JdmJQ-bx7TO2EuJ1bB5OG270w4kmA19kf5VRi_6gBPe3pmJbqAqiobw0ke-tdGLF3UqrrxQNkQEquTegrj33ZoBYBif0k/s2048/11williams-superJumbo.webp" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1365" data-original-width="2048" height="266" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhTGmtvX7RkI4NEDRP1B_XIXzmVP79VMjGWzvdd8TDLk9pnDfagmgwNPeiI8WJcVOE_13sE7hXTLmAOwXI-gjAm0XXSMHnEh2JdmJQ-bx7TO2EuJ1bB5OG270w4kmA19kf5VRi_6gBPe3pmJbqAqiobw0ke-tdGLF3UqrrxQNkQEquTegrj33ZoBYBif0k/w400-h266/11williams-superJumbo.webp" width="400" /></a></span></div><span style="font-family: georgia; font-size: large;"><br /></span><p></p>ΝΕΚΡΟΣ ΓΙΑ ΤΟΝ ΚΟΣΜΟhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/02509837341423212543noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2056303034280009991.post-78902324561842344172023-12-26T01:17:00.000-08:002023-12-26T01:20:18.744-08:00"We are unimaginably pained by this “peace on earth” under conditions of terror!": CHRISTMAS CIRCULAR MESSAGE OF THE PATRIARCH OF ALEXANDRIA / Η ΕΓΚΥΚΛΙΟΣ ΤΩΝ ΧΡΙΣΤΟΥΓΕΝΝΩΝ ΤΟΥ ΠΑΤΡΙΑΡΧΗ ΑΛΕΞΑΝΔΡΕΙΑΣ ΘΕΟΔΩΡΟΥ<p></p><p style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: small;"> </span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: small;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgAPr7YM8GSOPn_Rpx9adGJ_x8Nyyy7g1OWu9G4vDoawCFpvX7CcUmkD_HXxjkMHfkdyn10oDZUGqm68nGhH4bf2liH6kW6ed1UcwxauaFRhmA3xPw8B8Yxo4MIoceWdDM4Jm9TAfsIkCu8IFxyppGkw_65RfhWY-qWBKejp-12CpfYkypqtRoSEyF31c0/s479/nativity1.webp" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="479" data-original-width="463" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgAPr7YM8GSOPn_Rpx9adGJ_x8Nyyy7g1OWu9G4vDoawCFpvX7CcUmkD_HXxjkMHfkdyn10oDZUGqm68nGhH4bf2liH6kW6ed1UcwxauaFRhmA3xPw8B8Yxo4MIoceWdDM4Jm9TAfsIkCu8IFxyppGkw_65RfhWY-qWBKejp-12CpfYkypqtRoSEyF31c0/w386-h400/nativity1.webp" width="386" /></a></span></div><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: small;"><br /></span><p></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: small;"><a href="https://www.patriarchateofalexandria.com/christmas-circular-message-of-the-patriarch-of-alexandria/?lang=en">Patriarchate of Alexandria</a> <br /></span></p><p style="text-align: center;"><span style="color: #ffa400; font-family: verdana; font-size: small;"><b>THEODOROS II</b></span></p>
<p style="text-align: center;"><span style="color: #ffa400; font-family: verdana; font-size: small;"><b>BY THE GRACE OF GOD POPE AND PATRIARCH OF ALEXANDRIA AND ALL AFRICA TO THE PLENITUDE</b></span></p>
<p style="text-align: center;"><span style="color: #ffa400; font-family: verdana; font-size: small;"><b>OF THE APOSTOLIC AND PATRIARCHAL THRONE OF ALEXANDRIA</b></span></p>
<p style="text-align: center;"><span style="color: red; font-family: verdana; font-size: small;"><b>GRACE AND MERCY AND PEACE FROM OUR LORD AND GOD AND SAVIOUR</b></span></p>
<p style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: small;"><b><span style="color: red;"> JESUS CHRIST, WHO WAS BORN IN BETHLEHEM </span><span style="color: #ffa400;"> </span> <br /></b></span></p>
<p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: small;">My dear and blessed brothers and sisters in Christ,</span></p>
<p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: small;">Filled with festive joy and rejoicing for the great and illustrious
day of the Birthday of our Lord and God and Savior Jesus Christ, we
exclaim together with the heavenly and bodiless powers <b><i>“Glory to God in the highest and on earth peace, good will to men”</i></b>
(Luke 2:14). And on earth, peace! The moving proclamation of the Holy
angels who on the night of the birth of our Great God appeared above the
God-receiving Cave of Bethlehem, praising and glorifying God, as
liturgical beings.</span></p>
<p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: small;">A universal, heart-felt, timeless request, remains unsatisfied after
so many centuries! But what an irony! Christmas wishes for peace and
happiness when fear, anxiety and terror, following the recent tragic
events in the Middle East, have been spread over the globe; when
innumerable people are uprooted from their homelands and take the bitter
path of the refugee, without knowing the consequences and what will be
their end. We are unimaginably pained by this “peace on earth” under
conditions of terror!</span></p>
<p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: small;">In the twenty-one centuries that separate us in time from the
unparalleled day of the Divine Incarnation, millions of people have
sacrificed themselves in war operations, tons of blood have been shed on
the battlefields and behind the lines, innumerable are the bloody pages
of History, in which “people have shame the beasts.”</span></p>
<p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: small;">Have we ever wondered why? Because humans wanted to build a world
without God; without the peace that He gives us. Some did not hesitate
to proclaim His death. Most of us have banished Him from our lives to
enthrone in His place our self, our vanity and our passions, our
“happiness” as we define it. Or what is even most tragic, because some
people in the name of God think they have the right to wreak havoc; to
exterminate innocents in horrible ways; to destroy in the blink of an
eye the labours and fortunes of an entire life, to plunge defenseless
women and children and entire societies into fear and insecurity.</span></p>
<p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: small;">Peace according to the eternal and infallible word of our Lord goes
hand in hand with justice. As long as humans wrong others, oppress them,
exploit them, belittle them, peace cannot flourish.</span></p>
<p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: small;">Our ancient Patriarchate of Alexandria and all Africa, having the
entire African continent under its pastoral and Canonical jurisdiction,
has the direct and bitter experience of the peoples it has served and
still serves over the centuries, of the unjust and cruel exploitation of
them, of the bleeding of their wealth-producing sources, of conflict
being caused between them by the powerful of the earth and of their
displacement from their birthplaces.</span></p>
<p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: small;">My blessed children,</span></p>
<p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: small;">According to Christian teaching, peace is primarily a gift of God; a
fruit of the Holy Spirit. We are at peace when Christ dwells in our
hearts; when His eternal and unchanged Gospel law guides our steps and
inspires our behavior. Peoples and nations coexist peacefully and
harmoniously, when we see our fellow human beings as living images of
God; if we actually respect the dignity and rights of others, persons
and peoples. The word of the Apostle Paul about our Christ <i>“He is our peace”</i> (Eph. 2:14) assures us that the entire Gospel of Christ is essentially the only existing Science of Peace in the world.</span></p>
<p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: small;">With these paternal thoughts, we fervently bless you and paternally
exhort each one of you individually: Open wide the doors of your hearts
so that they may be filled with the peace of our Christ <i>“which transcends all understanding”</i>
(Philippians 4:7). With your presence, your words and your actions,
everywhere, in your family, in your work environment, in your friendly
and social interactions, become peaceful people, <i>“walk as children of light”</i> (Eph. 5:7).</span></p>
<p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: small;"><b><i>“Be at peace”</i></b>, as commanded by Paul, the great apostle of the nations, <i>“and the God of peace will be with you”</i>
(2 Cor. 13:11). And this peace is a consequence of the Nativity and a
gift of the Incarnate Christ. But it is granted to those who pray and
strive for it: <i>“Make every effort to live in peace with everyone and to be holy; without holiness no one will see the Lord”</i> (Heb. 12:14).</span></p>
<p style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: small;">A joyous and peaceful Feast of the Nativity!<br />
May the coming year 2024 be happy, blessed and peaceful!</span></p>
<p style="text-align: center;"><span style="color: #04ff00; font-family: verdana; font-size: small;"><b>† THEODOROS II</b></span></p>
<p style="text-align: center;"><span style="color: #04ff00; font-family: verdana; font-size: small;"><b>Pope and Patriarch of Alexandria and All Africa</b></span></p>
<p style="text-align: center;"><span style="color: #04ff00; font-family: verdana; font-size: small;">In the Great City of Alexandria</span></p>
<p style="text-align: center;"><span style="color: #04ff00; font-family: verdana; font-size: small;">Feast of the Nativity 2023</span></p>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: small;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjogyWSYsckNssUNB5CVLktuclYicFS1Q9FfbvDIgZ7R4jQQMdjKAwGS73MHOhzkBeub0FNZoCQ5mJN3yyfCZQ0-vQY_2TmKDZQthN_weHkJucbsfeFtHf8B2ewXM3tKibSBgunC1GYz_ayktjCuFdAfhhrJn4__oXBZlwGnMh_KECG6MWBldiud3ZFsuE/s1201/%CF%81%CE%B1%CF%83%CE%BF%CF%86%CE%BF%CF%81%CE%B9%CE%B13-22.12.23.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="900" data-original-width="1201" height="300" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjogyWSYsckNssUNB5CVLktuclYicFS1Q9FfbvDIgZ7R4jQQMdjKAwGS73MHOhzkBeub0FNZoCQ5mJN3yyfCZQ0-vQY_2TmKDZQthN_weHkJucbsfeFtHf8B2ewXM3tKibSBgunC1GYz_ayktjCuFdAfhhrJn4__oXBZlwGnMh_KECG6MWBldiud3ZFsuE/w400-h300/%CF%81%CE%B1%CF%83%CE%BF%CF%86%CE%BF%CF%81%CE%B9%CE%B13-22.12.23.jpg" width="400" /></a></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: x-small;">Photo from <a href="https://www.patriarchateofalexandria.com/rhasophoria-for-the-seminarians-of-the-patriarchal-academy-of-alexandria/?lang=en">RHASOPHORIA FOR THE SEMINARIANS OF THE PATRIARCHAL ACADEMY OF ALEXANDRIA</a></span><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: x-small;"><br /></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: small;"><br /></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="color: red; font-family: helvetica; font-size: large;"><b>Η ΕΓΚΥΚΛΙΟΣ ΤΩΝ ΧΡΙΣΤΟΥΓΕΝΝΩΝ ΤΟΥ ΠΑΤΡΙΑΡΧΟΥ ΑΛΕΞΑΝΔΡΕΙΑΣ ΘΕΟΔΩΡΟΥ</b></span><span style="color: red; font-family: helvetica; font-size: large;"><br /></span></div><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: small;"><a href="https://www.patriarchateofalexandria.com/i-egkyklios-ton-christoygennon-tis-athm-toy-patriarchoy-alexandreias/">Πατριαρχείο Αλεξανδρείας</a><br /></span></p><p style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: small;"><b style="color: #e69138;">Θ Ε Ο Δ Ω Ρ Ο Σ Β’</b></span></p>
<p style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: small;"><b style="color: #e69138;">ΕΛΕΩι ΘΕΟΥ ΠΑΠΑΣ ΚΑΙ ΠΑΤΡΙΑΡΧΗΣ ΑΛΕΞΑΝΔΡΕΙΑΣ ΚΑΙ ΠΑΣΗΣ ΑΦΡΙΚΗΣ</b></span></p>
<p style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: small;"><span style="color: #e69138;"><b>ΠΑΝΤΙ Τ</b><b>ῼ</b><b> ΠΛΗΡΩΜΑΤΙ</b></span></span></p>
<p style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: small;"><b style="color: #e69138;">ΤΟΥ ΑΠΟΣΤΟΛΙΚΟΥ ΚΑΙ ΠΑΤΡΙΑΡΧΙΚΟΥ ΘΡΟΝΟΥ ΑΛΕΞΑΝΔΡΕΙΑΣ</b></span></p>
<p style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: small;"><b style="color: #e69138;">ΧΑΡΙΣ ΚΑΙ ΕΛΕΟΣ ΚΑΙ ΕΙΡΗΝΗ ΠΑΡΑ ΤΟΥ ΕΝ ΒΗΘΛΕΕΜ ΓΕΝΝΗΘΕΝΤΟΣ</b></span></p>
<p style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: small;"><b style="color: #e69138;">ΚΥΡΙΟΥ ΚΑΙ ΘΕΟΥ ΚΑΙ ΣΩΤΗΡΟΣ ΗΜΩΝ ΙΗΣΟΥ ΧΡΙΣΤΟΥ</b></span></p>
<p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: small;"> Αδελφοί μου αγαπητοί και ευλογημένοι,</span></p>
<p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: small;">Πλημμυρισμένοι από εόρτιο χαρά και αγαλλίαση για την μεγάλη και
επιφανή ημέρα των Γενεθλίων του Κυρίου και Θεού και Σωτήρος ημών Ιησού
Χριστού ,αναφωνούμε μετά των επουρανίων δυνάμεων Ασωμάτων το «<b><i>Δόξα</i></b> <b><i>ἐ</i></b><b><i>ν</i></b> <b><i>ὑ</i></b><b><i>ψίστοις</i></b> <b><i>Θε</i></b><b><i>ῷ</i></b> <b><i>καί</i></b> <b><i>ἐ</i></b><b><i>π</i></b><b><i>ί</i></b> <b><i>γ</i></b><b><i>ῆ</i></b><b><i>ς</i></b> <b><i>ε</i></b><b><i>ἰ</i></b><b><i>ρήνη</i></b><b><i>, </i></b><b><i>ἐ</i></b><b><i>ν</i></b> <b><i>ἀ</i></b><b><i>νθρώ</i></b><b><i>π</i></b><b><i>οις</i></b> <b><i>ε</i></b><b><i>ὐ</i></b><b><i>δοκία</i></b>»
(Λουκ. 2,14) Καί ἐπί γῆς εἰρήνη! Η συγκλονιστική διακήρυξη των Αγίων
αγγέλων που τη νύχτα της γεννήσεως του Επιφανέντος Θεού εμφανίστηκαν
πάνω από το Θεοδέγμον Σπήλαιο τής Βηθλεέμ, ανυμνούντες και δοξολογούντες
τον Θεό, ως λειτουργικά όντα.</span></p>
<p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: small;">Ένα αίτημα πανανθρώπινο, καρδιακό, διαχρονικό, παραμένει ωστόσο μετά
την παρέλευση τόσων αιώνων ανικανοποίητο! Τι ειρωνεία όμως !
Χριστουγεννιάτικες ευχές για ειρήνη και ευτυχία, όταν ο φόβος, η αγωνία
και ο τρόμος, μετά και από τα προσφάτως τραγικά γεγονότα στην Μέση
Ανατολή, έχουν απλωθεί πάνω από την υφήλιο· όταν αναρίθμητοι άνθρωποι
ξεριζώνονται από τις πατρίδες τους και οδεύουν τον πικρό δρόμο τής
προσφυγιάς, χωρίς να γνωρίζουν τίς συνέπειες και την κατάληξή τους. Μας
πονάει αφάνταστα τούτο το «επί γης ειρήνη» υπό συνθήκες τρόμου!</span></p>
<p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: small;">Στους είκοσι και έναν αιώνες, που μας χωρίζουν χρονικά από την
ανεπανάληπτη ημέρα της Θείας Ενανθρώπησης, εκατομμύρια ανθρώπων έχουν
θυσιαστεί σε πολεμικές επιχειρήσεις, τόνοι αιμάτων έχουν χυθεί στα πεδία
των μαχών και τα μετόπισθεν, αναρίθμητες οι ματωμένες σελίδες της
Ιστορίας, στις οποίες «οι άνθρωποι ντροπιάζουν τα θηρία».</span></p>
<p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: small;">Αναρωτηθήκαμε ποτέ το γιατί; Γιατί οι άνθρωποι θελήσαμε να
οικοδομήσουμε ένα κόσμο χωρίς Θεό· χωρίς την ειρήνη πού Εκείνος μας
χαρίζει. Κάποιοι δεν δίστασαν να διακηρύξουν τον θάνατό Του. Η
πλειονότητα τον εξορίσαμε από τη ζωή μας για να ενθρονίσουμε στη θέση
Του το άτομό μας, τη φιλαυτία μας και τα πάθη μας, την «ευτυχία» μας,
όπως εμείς την καθορίζουμε. Ή το τραγικότερο, γιατί κάποιοι στο όνομα
του Θεού νομίζουν πώς δικαιούνται να σπέρνουν τον όλεθρο· να εξοντώνουν
με φρικαλέους τρόπους αθώους· να καταστρέφουν εν ριπή οφθαλμού τούς
κόπους και τις περιουσίες μιας ολόκληρης ζωής, να βυθίζουν στο πένθος τα
ανυπεράσπιστα γυναικόπαιδα και ολόκληρες κοινωνίες στον φόβο και την
ανασφάλεια.</span></p>
<p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: small;">Η ειρήνη κατά τον αιώνιο και αψευδή λόγο του Κυρίου μας συμπορεύεται
με τη δικαιοσύνη. Όσο οι άνθρωποι αδικούμε τούς άλλους, τούς
καταπιέζουμε, τούς εκμεταλλευόμαστε, τούς υποτιμούμε, ειρήνη δεν μπορεί
να ευδοκιμήσει.</span></p>
<p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: small;">Το καθ' ημάς παλαίφατο Πατριαρχείο Αλεξανδρείας και πάσης Αφρικής,
έχοντας στη ποιμαντική και Κανονική δικαιοδοσία του ολόκληρη την
Αφρικανική ήπειρο, κατέχει την αμεσότατη και πικρή πείρα στους λαούς που
διακονεί ανά τους αιώνες, της αδίκου και στυγνής εκμεταλλεύσεως αυτὠν,
της αφαίμαξης των πλουτοπαραγωγικών πηγών τους, της προκλήσεως
συγκρούσεως μεταξύ τους από τους ισχυρούς της γης και της εκτοπίσεώς
τους από τους γενεθλίους τόπους.</span></p>
<p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: small;">Παιδιά μου ευλογημένα,</span></p>
<p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: small;">Η ειρήνη, κατά την χριστιανική διδασκαλία είναι πρωτίστως δώρο τού
Θεού· καρπός τού Παναγίου Πνεύματος. Ειρηνεύουμε , όταν ενοικεί στις
καρδιές μας ὁ Χριστός· όταν καθοδηγεί τα βήματά μας και εμπνέει τη
συμπεριφορά μας ο αιώνιος και απαραχάρακτος Ευαγγελικός Του νόμος. Λαοί
και έθνη συνυπάρχουμε ειρηνικά και αρμονικά, όταν βλέπουμε τους
συνανθρώπους μας ως ζωντανές εικόνες τού Θεού· εάν σεβόμαστε εμπράκτως
την αξιοπρέπεια και τα δικαιώματα των άλλων, προσώπων και λαών. Ο λόγος
του Αποστόλου Παύλου για το Χριστό μας «<i>Α</i><i>ὐ</i><i>τός</i> <i>γάρ</i> <i>ἐ</i><i>στίν</i> <i>ἡ</i> <i>ε</i><i>ἰ</i><i>ρήνη</i> <i>ἡ</i><i>μ</i><i>ῶ</i><i>ν</i>»
(Ἐφεσ. 2, 14) μας βεβαιώνει ότι όλο το Ευαγγέλιο του Χριστού στην ουσία
είναι η μόνη στον κόσμο υπάρχουσα Επιστήμη περί της Ειρήνης.</span></p>
<p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: small;">Με τις πατρικές αυτές σκέψεις, σάς ευλογούμε διαπύρως και προτρέπουμε
πατρικώς τον καθένα σας ξεχωριστά: Ανοίξτε διάπλατα τίς θύρες των
καρδιών σας για να γεμίσουν από την ειρήνη τού Χριστού μας «<i>τήν</i> <i>π</i><i>άντα</i> <i>νο</i><i>ῦ</i><i>ν</i> <i>ὑ</i><i>π</i><i>ερέχουσαν</i>»
(Φιλιπ.4,7). Με την παρουσία σας, τα λόγια και τίς πράξεις σας, παντού,
στην οικογένειά σας, στο εργασιακό σας περιβάλλον, στις φιλικές και
κοινωνικές σας αναστροφές, γίνετε οι ειρηνικοί άνθρωποι, <i>«</i><i> </i><i>ὡ</i><i>ς</i> <i>τέκνα</i> <i>φωτ</i><i>ὸ</i><i>ς</i> <i>π</i><i>ερι</i><i>π</i><i>ατε</i><i>ῖ</i><i>τε</i>»(Ἐφεσ.5,7)</span></p>
<p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: small;"><b><i>«Ε</i></b><b><i>ἰ</i></b><b><i>ρηνεύετε</i></b>», όπως παραγγέλλει ο μέγας απόστολος των εθνών Παύλος, «<i>καί</i> <i>ὁ</i> <i>Θεός</i> <i>τ</i><i>ῆ</i><i>ς</i> <i>ε</i><i>ἰ</i><i>ρήνης</i> <i>θά</i> <i>ε</i><i>ἶ</i><i>ναι</i> <i>μαζί</i> <i>σας</i>»
(Β’ Κορ. 13,11). Και αυτή η ειρήνη είναι συνέπεια της Γεννήσεως και
δώρο του Ενανθρωπήσαντος Χριστού. Χαρίζεται όμως σε αυτοὺς που
προσεύχονται και αγωνίζονται γι’ αυτήν· «<i>ε</i><i>ἰ</i><i>ρήνην</i> <i>διώκετε</i> <i>μετ</i><i>ὰ</i><i> π</i><i>άντων</i> <i>κα</i><i>ὶ</i> <i>τ</i><i>ὸ</i><i>ν</i> <i>ἁ</i><i>γιασμόν</i><i>, </i><i>ο</i><i>ὗ</i> <i>χωρ</i><i>ὶ</i><i>ς</i> <i>ο</i><i>ὐ</i><i>δε</i><i>ὶ</i><i>ς</i> <i>ὄ</i><i>ψεται</i> <i>τ</i><i>ὸ</i><i>ν</i> <i>Κύριον</i>» (Ἑβρ. 12 ,14).</span></p>
<p style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: small;">Πανευφρόσυνα και ειρηνικά Χριστούγεννα!<br />
Καλό, ευλογημένο και γαλήνιο το ανατέλλον έτος 2024!</span></p>
<p style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: small;"><span style="color: #04ff00;"><b>† Ο Πάπας και Πατριάρχης Αλεξανδρείας και πάσης Αφρικής<br />
Θ Ε Ο Δ Ω Ρ Ο Σ Β’</b></span></span></p>
<p style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: small;"><span style="color: #04ff00;">Εν τη Μεγάλη Πόλει της Αλεξανδρείας<br />
Άγια Χριστούγεννα 2023</span></span></p><p style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: georgia; font-size: large;"><span style="color: #ffa400;">Please, see also</span><span style="color: #04ff00;"> <br /></span></span></p><p style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: georgia; font-size: large;"><span style="color: #04ff00;"><a href="https://ampelonas-trygetes.blogspot.com/2023/12/">December 2023 in Africa</a></span></span></p><p style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: georgia; font-size: large;"><span style="color: #04ff00;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: small;"><span style="color: #04ff00;"> </span></span></p><p style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: small;"></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: small;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgL9i1Nadi12UkYQFnscznq5EftYmhjMwgLu5x_0xzZ1x_J0QMS0oTn8muK-XTEKxhUfDxzJOo04v_tFx_R6uJpwrHcJUQHGG2Nm6TXB0tVUkoGuT3ol6tAYGTaRKapNs-KXj-IWLgVXJ3CSLZl2-VUGId-k1mxe7baIYzkGPFNUvOCbZDaDgKX8pbhN7U/s960/CELEBRATION%20OF%20THE%20NATIVITY%20OF%20LORD%20JESUS%20CHRIST%20-%20Uganda.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="540" data-original-width="960" height="360" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgL9i1Nadi12UkYQFnscznq5EftYmhjMwgLu5x_0xzZ1x_J0QMS0oTn8muK-XTEKxhUfDxzJOo04v_tFx_R6uJpwrHcJUQHGG2Nm6TXB0tVUkoGuT3ol6tAYGTaRKapNs-KXj-IWLgVXJ3CSLZl2-VUGId-k1mxe7baIYzkGPFNUvOCbZDaDgKX8pbhN7U/w640-h360/CELEBRATION%20OF%20THE%20NATIVITY%20OF%20LORD%20JESUS%20CHRIST%20-%20Uganda.png" width="640" /></a></span></div><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: small;"><br /></span><a href="https://ampelonas-trygetes.blogspot.com/2023/12/celebration-of-nativity-of-lord-jesus.html"><span style="font-family: georgia; font-size: medium;">CELEBRATION OF THE NATIVITY OF LORD JESUS CHRIST - Uganda </span></a>
<p></p><p></p>ΝΕΚΡΟΣ ΓΙΑ ΤΟΝ ΚΟΣΜΟhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/02509837341423212543noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2056303034280009991.post-91986976112606702502023-09-26T04:20:00.004-07:002023-09-26T04:20:53.203-07:00Σουδάν: οδεύοντας προς γενοκτονία!...<p style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-size: small;"><br /><span style="font-family: verdana;"><em></em></span></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small;"><em><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhhan534On0PfaWPblajpokmVWBWSAtGYbPPio2hGu0wMyb-fSYARxRlxefb3pTo4SOxNj2tFqBLWW0zuQqd4zLg2f6jTDsY7uIgfpaMpTw9UohQ_YuitVNcFh3NLfHdqfsuZXYdp5I6gZuiBtxNNJHM02CsHg0oQKoZMUHE5i4I1YUg8yID0zWCz2G-Xs/s409/49294_Sudan_(1)_1_409x230.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="230" data-original-width="409" height="225" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhhan534On0PfaWPblajpokmVWBWSAtGYbPPio2hGu0wMyb-fSYARxRlxefb3pTo4SOxNj2tFqBLWW0zuQqd4zLg2f6jTDsY7uIgfpaMpTw9UohQ_YuitVNcFh3NLfHdqfsuZXYdp5I6gZuiBtxNNJHM02CsHg0oQKoZMUHE5i4I1YUg8yID0zWCz2G-Xs/w400-h225/49294_Sudan_(1)_1_409x230.jpg" width="400" /></a></em></span></div><p></p><p style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: small;">Σημείωση: Η φωτογραφία δείχνει τον Άνταμ Άμπντελ,
ένα νεαρό αγόρι απ’ το κέντρο του Νταρφούρ. Κάηκε σοβαρά όταν η
σουδανική κυβέρνηση έριξε βόμβα έξω απ’ το σπίτι του, στο Μπούργκου του
Σουδάν, στις 12 Φεβρουαρίου του 2015. Αυτές οι βιαιοπραγίες συνεχίζονται
κι όλα τα σημάδια δείχνουν τώρα προς η κατάσταση φαίνεται να οδεύει
προς τη γενοκτονία. Όμως, λόγω του ακραίου κινδύνου και των περιορισμών
που αντιμετωπίζουν οι δημοσιογράφοι, βασιζόμαστε σε παλαιότερες εικόνες
για να απεικονίσουμε τη βία που εκτυλίσσεται σήμερα. Καθώς το Νταρφούρ
οδεύει ξανά προς τη γενοκτονία, οι δημοσιογράφοι πρέπει να μπορούν να
καταγράφουν τη φρίκη, ώστε να σταματήσει η αιματοχυσία, και να
λογοδοτήσουν οι υπεύθυνοι. Εικόνα: Adriane Ohanesian</span></p><p style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: small;"><a href="https://secure.avaaz.org/campaign/el/sudan_break_the_blackout_loc/"> Από το Avaaz</a></span></p><ul style="text-align: left;"><li><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: small;"><a href="https://www.ertnews.gr/eidiseis/diethni/soudan-i-amerikanida-presveytria-ston-oie-kanei-logo-gia-omotites-sto-ntarfour-pou-thymizoun-ti-genoktonia-tou-2004/">Σουδάν: Η Αμερικανίδα πρεσβεύτρια στον ΟΗΕ κάνει λόγο για ωμότητες στο Νταρφούρ που θυμίζουν τη γενοκτονία του 2004</a> (ΕΡΤ)</span></li><li><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: small;"><a href="https://www.ant1news.gr/eidiseis/article/676190/soydan-oie-plirofories-gia-toylaxiston-13-omadikoys-tafoys-sto-ntarfoyr">Σουδάν - ΟΗΕ: Πληροφορίες για τουλάχιστον 13 ομαδικούς τάφους στο Νταρφούρ</a> (ΑΝΤ1)</span></li><li><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: small;"><a href="https://www.cnn.gr/kosmos/story/374768/polemos-sto-soudan-ena-paidi-skotonetai-travmatizetai-i-dexetai-epithesi-kathe-ora">Πόλεμος στο Σουδάν: Ένα παιδί σκοτώνεται, τραυματίζεται ή δέχεται επίθεση κάθε ώρα</a> (CNN)</span></li></ul><p style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: small;">Αγγλικά:<br /></span></p><ul style="text-align: left;"><li><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: small;"><a href="https://www.nytimes.com/article/sudan-khartoum-military.html">Χάος στο Σουδάν: Ποιος παλεύει για την εξουσία και γιατί δεν έχει σταματήσει</a> (The New York Times)</span></li><li><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: small;"><a href="https://www.hrw.org/news/2023/07/11/sudan-darfur-town-destroyed">Σουδάν: Η πόλη του Νταρφούρ καταστράφηκε</a> (Human Rights Watch)</span></li><li><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: small;"><a href="https://www.amnesty.org/en/latest/news/2023/08/sudan-war-crimes-rampant-as-civilians-killed-in-both-deliberate-and-indiscriminate-attacks-new-report/#:~:text=Women%20and%20Girls-,Sudan%3A%20War%20crimes%20rampant%20as%20civilians%20killed,both%20deliberate%20and%20indiscriminate%20attacks&text=Extensive%20war%20crimes%20are%20being,said%20in%20a%20new%20report.">Σουδάν: Ανεξέλεγκτα εγκλήματα πολέμου καθώς άμαχοι σκοτώνονται τόσο σε σκόπιμες όσο και σε αδιάκριτες επιθέσεις</a> (Amnesty International)</span></li><li><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: small;"><a href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/opinions/2023/08/29/sudan-darfur-genocide/">Μια γενοκτονία εκτυλίσσεται —και πάλι— στο Σουδάν, κι ο κόσμος κάνει ελάχιστα</a> (The Washington Post)</span></li><li><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: small;"><a href="https://news.un.org/en/story/2023/07/1138692">Νταρφούρ: Το Διεθνές Ποινικό Δικαστήριο ξεκινά έρευνα για αυξανόμενη βία</a> (United Nations)</span></li></ul><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: small;"> <br /></span>ΝΕΚΡΟΣ ΓΙΑ ΤΟΝ ΚΟΣΜΟhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/02509837341423212543noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2056303034280009991.post-54845205318696732472023-09-23T14:26:00.000-07:002023-09-23T14:26:04.847-07:00Tidar (Marriage) - International Trailer
<span style="font-size: small;"><iframe allow="autoplay; fullscreen; picture-in-picture" allowfullscreen="" frameborder="0" height="360" src="https://player.vimeo.com/video/861384260?h=6d33d91435" width="640"></iframe></span>
<p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: small;"><a href="https://vimeo.com/861384260">Tidar (Marriage) - International Trailer</a> from <a href="https://vimeo.com/projectdldl">Project dldl/ድልድል</a> on <a href="https://vimeo.com/861384260?share=copy">Vimeo</a>.</span></p>
<div class="_1DKxU sc-bbkauy jeWaOo"><div class="_wMel" data-description-content="true" dir="auto"><p class="first"><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: small;">Based
on real people's stories and testimonies collected through research in
Ethiopia, docudrama Tidar (Marriage) tells the story of Genet, who is
experiencing domestic violence, and presents her search for a moral and
practical solution to her situation within the village community. It
shows how the community responds to Genet’s predicament and how personal
faith, religious mediation and theological teaching influence how she
thinks through her situation. The aim of the film is to raise awareness
about the complex role that religion can have in situations of domestic
violence in the Ethiopian Orthodox community, influencing both victim
and perpetrator rationalisations and behaviour. </span></p>
<p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: small;">The film is re-enacted by Amharic-speaking actors in Ethiopia, with
subtitles being produced in Tigrigna, Afaan Oromo and English. The
current trailer is the English international version.</span></p>
<p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: small;">The film was written and directed by Dr Romina Istratii and produced
by Hermon Hailay and Max Conil of Exile Pictures and Yidnekachew Shumete
of Kurat Pictures. </span></p>
<p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: small;">The production was funded by UK Research and Innovation (UKRI) under
the Future Leaders Fellowship grant 'Bridging religious studies, gender
& development and public health to address domestic violence” (Grant
Ref: MR/T043350/1) and is part of project dldl/ድልድል, a research and
innovation project dedicated to the development and strengthening of
religio-culturally sensitive domestic violence alleviation systems in
East Africa and the UK: <a href="https://projectdldl.org" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">projectdldl.org</a></span></p>
<p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: small;">The film trailer is made available under a CC BY-NC-ND license.</span></p></div></div>ΝΕΚΡΟΣ ΓΙΑ ΤΟΝ ΚΟΣΜΟhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/02509837341423212543noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2056303034280009991.post-50453331037305633272023-08-30T09:21:00.004-07:002023-08-30T09:21:27.564-07:00Συναγερμός στην Ευρώπη για την «αφρικανικό ξεσηκωμό»! Οι υπουργοί Άμυνας της ΕΕ συζητούν την κατάσταση<p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: small;"> </span></p><p class="p2"></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: small;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgS9zgSJV56W-gP2pFU7mY_Xv4M8BA-H1pm7QpQr87OX0j1CwQ2yU2luXwTVKRGvMt4AnsXylxyeu7dpqXGkIcqlAWw4AJys6cDYbaDiOtt9czdSq74-lwbuhclzV8AHdtAbNDyLbRXhmimWRzErt2kV3aAbHn6Q5uMHBlOdisu13Ry2sB9D6ptesas7u0/s640/africa1.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="428" data-original-width="640" height="428" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgS9zgSJV56W-gP2pFU7mY_Xv4M8BA-H1pm7QpQr87OX0j1CwQ2yU2luXwTVKRGvMt4AnsXylxyeu7dpqXGkIcqlAWw4AJys6cDYbaDiOtt9czdSq74-lwbuhclzV8AHdtAbNDyLbRXhmimWRzErt2kV3aAbHn6Q5uMHBlOdisu13Ry2sB9D6ptesas7u0/w640-h428/africa1.jpg" width="640" /></a></span></div><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: small;"><br /></span><p></p><p class="p2"><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: small;"><a href="https://www.militaire.gr/synagermos-stin-eyropi-gia-tin-afrikaniko-xesikomo-oi-ypoyrgoi-amynas-tis-ee-syzitoyn-tin-katastasi/">militaire.gr</a></span></p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: small;">Οι υπουργοί Άμυνας της ΕΕ θα συζητήσουν την κατάσταση στην
Γκαμπόν στην σύνοδό τους στο Τολέδο, στην Ισπανία, δήλωσε σήμερα ο
επικεφαλής της εξωτερικής πολιτικής της ΕΕ Ζοζέπ Μπορέλ, σημειώνοντας
ότι, αν επιβεβαιωθεί ότι έγινε πραξικόπημα στην χώρα αυτή, θα πρόκειται
για ένα γεγονός που θα προκαλέσει μεγαλύτερη αστάθεια στην περιοχή.
</span><p class="p2"><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: small;">“Αν αυτό επιβεβαιωθεί, θα πρόκειται για άλλο ένα
στρατιωτικό πραξικόπημα που αυξάνει την αστάθεια σε όλη την περιοχή”,
σημείωσε ο Μπορέλ μιλώντας στη σύνοδο των υπουργών Άμυνας της ΕΕ στο
Τολέδο.</span></p>
<p class="p2"><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: small;">Ομάδα υψηλόβαθμων αξιωματικών των ενόπλων δυνάμεων της
Γκαμπόν παρουσιάστηκε στην κρατική τηλεόραση νωρίς σήμερα το πρωί και
ανακοίνωσε ότι κατέλαβε την εξουσία, μετά την ανακοίνωση από την κρατική
εκλογική επιτροπή ότι ο πρόεδρος Αλί Μπονγκό εξασφάλισε τρίτη θητεία
στην προεδρία.</span></p>
<p class="p2"><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: small;">Η Γαλλία παρακολουθεί με την μέγιστη προσοχή την κατάσταση
στην Γκαμπόν, δήλωσε παράλληλα σήμερα η Γαλλίδα πρωθυπουργός Ελιζαμπέτ
Μπορν.</span></p>
<p class="p2"><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: small;">Απευθυνόμενη στους Γάλλους πρεσβευτές που έχουν
συγκεντρωθεί στο Παρίσι για την ετήσια σύνοδό τους, η Μπορν απαρίθμησε
αρκετές πρόσφατες κρίσεις που αντιμετώπισε η γαλλική διπλωματία “και
εφεξής την κατάσταση στην Γκαμπόν την οποία παρακολουθούμε με τη μέγιστη
προσοχή”.</span></p>
<p class="p2"><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: small;">Ο γαλλικός μεταλλευτικός όμιλος Eramet, ο μεγαλύτερος
παραγωγός μεταλλεύματος μαγγανίου υψηλής ποιότητας στον κόσμο χάρη στο
ορυχείο του Moanda στην Γκαμπόν, ανακοίνωσε σήμερα ότι αναστέλλει όλες
τις δραστηριότητές του στη χώρα μετά τα γεγονότα που σημειώθηκαν τη
νύχτα, κάτι το οποίο οδήγησε στην πτώση των μετοχών του κατά 18%.</span></p>
<p class="p2"><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: small;">“Μετά τα τελευταία γεγονότα”, ο όμιλος “διέκοψε” τις
δραστηριότητές του στην Γκαμπόν και “παρακολουθεί” την κατάσταση για να
“προστατεύσει την ασφάλεια του προσωπικού (του) και την ακεραιότητα των
εγκαταστάσεών (του)”, διευκρίνισε ο όμιλος σε ανακοίνωσή του στο AFP.</span></p>
<p class="p2"><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: small;">Ο Eramet απασχολεί περίπου 8.000 ανθρώπους στην Γκαμπόν, στην πλειονότητά τους πολίτες της χώρας.</span></p>
<p class="p2"><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: small;">Η Κίνα παράλληλα κάλεσε “τις εμπλεκόμενες πλευρές” στην
Γκαμπόν “να εγγυηθούν την ασφάλεια” του προέδρου Αλί Μπονγκό, μετά το
στρατιωτικό πραξικόπημα στην πλούσια σε κοιτάσματα πετρελαίου χώρα της
Αφρικής.</span></p>
<p class="p2"><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: small;">“Η Κίνα παρακολουθεί στενά την εξέλιξη της κατάστασης στην
Γκαμπόν και ζητεί από τις εμπλεκόμενες πλευρές να ενεργήσουν για το
συμφέρον του λαού της Γκαμπόν (…) για την άμεση επιστροφή στην
φυσιολογική τάξη, όπως και να εγγυηθούν την προσωπική ασφάλεια του Αλί
Μπονγκό”, δήλωσε ο εκπρόσωπος της κινεζικής διπλωματίας Ουάνγκ Ουενμπίν.</span></p><p class="p2"><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: small;"> </span></p>ΝΕΚΡΟΣ ΓΙΑ ΤΟΝ ΚΟΣΜΟhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/02509837341423212543noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2056303034280009991.post-36125623557098376512023-08-19T23:58:00.004-07:002023-08-19T23:58:51.062-07:002023: Αδιανόητη η σφαγή των χριστιανών στη Νιγηρία!<p> </p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: small;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiATpuAcGW_5n4QPeUqFjC4cUUijr1ixPC8UUdnElxY0ROntF8XbsE-vC90S4V8dQe9qzPOCcv2wv4oUa1JgVx7CDVXzlsfGUWSEBGrKAah_adQsRWc26Xr1wfFXB-4FOrFck6I0E5mvqKJkZDKqx7F2aj5SnBOAga5vRCqhsqiyrNdWjg7tQ8fVSHZXfI/s720/71_main-v1688998105.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="411" data-original-width="720" height="229" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiATpuAcGW_5n4QPeUqFjC4cUUijr1ixPC8UUdnElxY0ROntF8XbsE-vC90S4V8dQe9qzPOCcv2wv4oUa1JgVx7CDVXzlsfGUWSEBGrKAah_adQsRWc26Xr1wfFXB-4FOrFck6I0E5mvqKJkZDKqx7F2aj5SnBOAga5vRCqhsqiyrNdWjg7tQ8fVSHZXfI/w400-h229/71_main-v1688998105.jpg" width="400" /></a></span></div><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: small;"><span style="color: #e69138;">Φωτο από <a href="https://spzh.news/gr/news/74771-s-nachala-2023-hoda-islamisty-v-niherii-ubili-bolee-2500-khristian">εδώ</a>, όπου σχετικό ρεπορτάζ</span><br /></span><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: small;"><a href="https://www.facebook.com/permalink.php?story_fbid=pfbid037NfKVaP51jgP2RXuvFc5My27uUGJLeVWQw8yoQtcCweL61D6EZExQpkz5Sa3GDwbl&id=100000270536476">Ηλίας Καλλιώρας</a></span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: small;"><a href="https://www.newsbreak.gr/kosmos/485329/adianoiti-i-sfagi-ton-christianon-sti-nigiria/">newsbreak.gr</a><br /></span></p><div class="xdj266r x11i5rnm xat24cr x1mh8g0r x1vvkbs x126k92a"><div dir="auto" style="text-align: start;"><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: small;">Σφαγιασμός χριστιανών 2023:</span></div></div><div class="x11i5rnm xat24cr x1mh8g0r x1vvkbs xtlvy1s x126k92a"><div dir="auto" style="text-align: start;"><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: small;">Περισσότεροι
από 2.500 Χριστιανοί σφαγιάστηκαν από τους Φουλάνι Τζιχαντιστές και
άλλους συμμάχους τους πρώτους έξι μήνες του 2023. </span></div><div dir="auto" style="text-align: start;"><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: small;">350 θάνατοι καταγράφηκαν σε 18 μόλις ημέρες μεταξύ 12 και 30 Ιουνίου. </span></div><div dir="auto" style="text-align: start;"><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: small;">Οι ισλαμιστές επίσης έκαψαν 1.400 σπίτια και συνέλαβαν 3.700 αμάχους.</span></div></div><div class="x11i5rnm xat24cr x1mh8g0r x1vvkbs xtlvy1s x126k92a"><div dir="auto" style="text-align: start;"><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: small;">Διαπιστώθηκε
επίσης ότι τουλάχιστον 18.200 εκκλησίες, 1.000 παραδοσιακά θρησκευτικά
ιερά και 800 συναγωγές και 2.200 χριστιανικά σχολεία έχουν καεί ή
καταστραφεί άσκοπα.</span></div></div><div class="x11i5rnm xat24cr x1mh8g0r x1vvkbs xtlvy1s x126k92a"><div dir="auto" style="text-align: start;"><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: small;">Με
1100 χριστιανικές κοινότητες να έχουν ξεριζωθεί, εκατομμύρια
χριστιανούς να αναγκάζονται να εγκαταλείψουν τα σπίτια τους και τους
προγόνους τους.</span></div></div><div class="x11i5rnm xat24cr x1mh8g0r x1vvkbs xtlvy1s x126k92a"><div dir="auto" style="text-align: start;"><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: small;">Εκατοντάδες
χιλιάδες Χριστιανοί έχουν ασπαστεί το Ισλάμ, ενώ δεκάδες χιλιάδες
χριστιανές γυναίκες έχουν πέσει θύματα βιασμού ή σεξουαλικής
κακοποίησης ή υποδούλωσης.</span></div></div><div class="x11i5rnm xat24cr x1mh8g0r x1vvkbs xtlvy1s x126k92a"><div dir="auto" style="text-align: start;"><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: small;">Τουλάχιστον 15 εκατομμύρια χριστιανοί είναι εσωτερικά εκτοπισμένοι ή πρόσφυγες.</span></div></div><div dir="auto" style="text-align: start;"><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: small;">Πρόκειται για μία γενοκτονία, για την οποία δεν μιλάει κανείς…</span></div><div dir="auto" style="text-align: start;"><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: small;"> </span></div>ΝΕΚΡΟΣ ΓΙΑ ΤΟΝ ΚΟΣΜΟhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/02509837341423212543noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2056303034280009991.post-18490697849619998282023-08-11T12:36:00.002-07:002023-08-11T12:36:21.901-07:00ΕΝΟΡΙΑ ΤΟΥ ΑΠΟΣΤΟΛΟΥ ΜΑΤΘΙΑ ΣΤΗΝ ΜΠΟΥΚΟΜΠΑ ΤΗΣ ΤΑΝΖΑΝΙΑΣ<p> </p><div style="background-color: white;"><div class="" dir="auto"><div class="x1iorvi4 x1pi30zi x1l90r2v x1swvt13" data-ad-comet-preview="message" data-ad-preview="message" id=":r132:" style="padding: 4px 16px 16px;"><div class="x78zum5 xdt5ytf xz62fqu x16ldp7u" style="display: flex; flex-direction: column; margin-bottom: -5px; margin-top: -5px;"><div class="xu06os2 x1ok221b" style="margin-bottom: 5px; margin-top: 5px;"><span class="x193iq5w xeuugli x13faqbe x1vvkbs x1xmvt09 x1lliihq x1s928wv xhkezso x1gmr53x x1cpjm7i x1fgarty x1943h6x xudqn12 x3x7a5m x6prxxf xvq8zen xo1l8bm xzsf02u x1yc453h" dir="auto" style="display: block; line-height: 1.3333; max-width: 100%; min-width: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word;"><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhNup98tOU5UiQA4Pobx_wcSchTeBP_d2jmaa41EKUcMDAqlSdcbVbqKclFn9G_QjM-rVL2Sld2J__wDuYuSwFiSS1WwGddjRARzWwb5VritwbawYgVcdBF2miWJ9aSmkuW71pkUkBO9-gE2jHh6DhL4pLHX-PNNnUR9F3IctZeGV29muUwLM5YWyQGBXc/s1280/Shamba%201.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="960" data-original-width="1280" height="300" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhNup98tOU5UiQA4Pobx_wcSchTeBP_d2jmaa41EKUcMDAqlSdcbVbqKclFn9G_QjM-rVL2Sld2J__wDuYuSwFiSS1WwGddjRARzWwb5VritwbawYgVcdBF2miWJ9aSmkuW71pkUkBO9-gE2jHh6DhL4pLHX-PNNnUR9F3IctZeGV29muUwLM5YWyQGBXc/w400-h300/Shamba%201.png" width="400" /></a></div><div class="xdj266r x11i5rnm xat24cr x1mh8g0r x1vvkbs x126k92a" style="margin: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word;"><div dir="auto" style="color: var(--primary-text); font-family: inherit; font-size: 0.9375rem; white-space-collapse: preserve;"> </div><div dir="auto" style="color: var(--primary-text); font-family: inherit;"><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: small;"><a href="http://ampelonas-trygetes.blogspot.com/2023/08/shamba.html">Στον Ορθόδοξο Αμπελώνα της Αφρικής</a></span></div><div dir="auto" style="color: var(--primary-text);"><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: small;"><br /></span></div><div dir="auto" style="color: var(--primary-text);"><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: small;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgQLx4wbQxdKutlgYhDo8dVcWU4o5ITq9VjvC6snwcL55wCPXxfIyL6tJrgwsTLVLt9wRg6sxQ5MCD34kAi4yJA28YcziaiTnqeYKOf-tgc2x8n4fZbtGa5LUV5vOr8X76lxuK7iGkibhrdyNbRyfOP8p5dqKbGIqBKU4_Re9wqQt79-evkkShNZ6UyqaI/s1080/Shamba%202.png" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1080" data-original-width="810" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgQLx4wbQxdKutlgYhDo8dVcWU4o5ITq9VjvC6snwcL55wCPXxfIyL6tJrgwsTLVLt9wRg6sxQ5MCD34kAi4yJA28YcziaiTnqeYKOf-tgc2x8n4fZbtGa5LUV5vOr8X76lxuK7iGkibhrdyNbRyfOP8p5dqKbGIqBKU4_Re9wqQt79-evkkShNZ6UyqaI/s320/Shamba%202.png" width="240" /></a></span></div><span style="color: #cc0000; font-family: verdana; font-size: small;">Στόν <a href="https://www.saint.gr/2290/saint.aspx">Ἀπόστολο Ματθία</a> ἀφιερώθηκε, τήν ἡμέρα τῆς μνήμης του 9/8, ἡ νέα Ἐνορἰα στήν πόλη Shamba τῆς Τανζανίας. </span></div><div dir="auto"><span style="color: #cc0000; font-family: verdana; font-size: small;">Γι' αὐτό
τό γεγονός μετέβη στήν πόλη αὐτή ὁ Θεοφ. Ἐπίσκοπος Μπουκόμπας καί
Δυτικῆς Τανζανίας κ. Χρυσόστομος καί τέλεσε τἠν Θεία Λειτουργία, σέ ἕνα
πρόχειρο Ναό, μαζί μέ ἄλλους ἱερεῖς τῆς Ἀριχερατικῆς Περιφέρειας
Μουλέμπας. Μαζί καί δύο Ἱερεῖς πού φέρουν τὀ ὄνομα τοῦ Ἀπ. Ματθία.
Μέ χαρά ἐκκλησιάσθηκαν οἱ λίγοι, ἀλλά παλαιοί Ὀρθόδοξοι χριστιανοί. </span></div><div dir="auto"><span style="color: #cc0000; font-family: verdana; font-size: small;">Ἡ
Shamba εἶναι ἡ πόλη στήν ὀποία ἠ Ὀρθοδοξία πῆγε τό 1970. Ἦταν ὁ
ἀρχαιότερος ὀρθόδοξος πυρήνας στήν περιοχή. Μέ χαρά εἶδαν τόν Ἐπίσκοπο
τους καί πολλούς ἱερεῖς καί ζήτησαν νά ἀγορασθεῖ οἰκόπεδο καί νά κτισθεῖ
Ναός. Γι'αὐτό ἔκαναν ὅλοι μαζί ἱκεσία στόν Ἀπ. Ματθία νά τούς βοηθήσει
νά ἀποκτήσουν ναό ὕστερα ἀπό 50 χρόνια προσμονῆς. </span></div><div dir="auto"><span style="color: #cc0000; font-family: verdana; font-size: small;"> </span></div><div dir="auto" style="color: var(--primary-text);"><span style="color: #cc0000; font-family: verdana; font-size: small;">*Ἐλπίζουμε, ὅτι
κάποιοι ἀπ'αὐτούς πού θά διαβάσουν αὐτή τήν εἴδηση νά βοηθήσουν νά γίνει
πραγματικότητα τό ὄνειρο 50 ἐτῶν. Νά κτισθεῖ Ναός πρός τιμήν τοῦ Ἀπ.
Ματθία, πού ἴσως θά εἶναι ὁ μοναδικός σ'ὅλο τό κόσμο. Ἀμήν.*</span></div><div dir="auto" style="color: var(--primary-text);"><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: small;"><br /></span></div><div dir="auto"><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: small;"><a href="https://www.facebook.com/profile.php?id=100055952163170"><span style="color: #0b5394;"><span>https://www.facebook.com/profile.php?id=100055952163170</span></span></a></span></div><div dir="auto"><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: small;"><span style="color: #0b5394;"><span> </span></span></span></div><div dir="auto"><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: small;"><span style="color: #38761d;">Για την Ορθόδοξη Εκκλησία στην Τανζανία, δείτε <a href="http://grforafrica.blogspot.com/search/label/Orthodox%20Tanzania">εδώ</a> παρακαλώ. Για το πώς έφτασε η Ορθοδοξία στην Τανζανία, <a href="http://grforafrica.blogspot.com/2020/10/blog-post.html">εδώ</a>.<br /></span></span></div><div dir="auto"><span style="color: #0b5394; font-family: Segoe UI Historic, Segoe UI, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 15px; white-space-collapse: preserve;"> </span></span></div><div dir="auto"><span style="color: #0b5394; font-family: Segoe UI Historic, Segoe UI, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 15px; white-space-collapse: preserve;"><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgpsL8Vd7mdRZY2OZ2teGLIlTaRfHWRu3wBQ4aGgWYHgAp0_kIpFn7NHFYQytCThKGWhH53gfMRS70dM-qkTUg-Uk1JOOAqPo2dgtqU35hIt7AHxyVsM-qcokTQfWIymJgNSIyZPw1EsxkE1CmWHuQd-v_ZvzY-7lmmlr9zqCfM3B95cQOWmmEl9XRKp5w/s1080/Shamba%203.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="810" data-original-width="1080" height="300" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgpsL8Vd7mdRZY2OZ2teGLIlTaRfHWRu3wBQ4aGgWYHgAp0_kIpFn7NHFYQytCThKGWhH53gfMRS70dM-qkTUg-Uk1JOOAqPo2dgtqU35hIt7AHxyVsM-qcokTQfWIymJgNSIyZPw1EsxkE1CmWHuQd-v_ZvzY-7lmmlr9zqCfM3B95cQOWmmEl9XRKp5w/w400-h300/Shamba%203.png" width="400" /></a></div><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiZxpH_-MXjajbDmQcsJ1zJBrKRRlhY0dc2eKSSK0-CXWR5Q5py82tMG1R71RjTPTd_RA8E-7nrbU_2QMVKWDHmx8dsHCSZ456R0CtTXMFy8Vv9xr5GT6gS77TkSKrgW5B_B1gqIz5-qZPC17mAIk-lzbQP7RNhizVE69-EcPPhTN2eJmGgMfjRp0Dcdxw/s1080/Shamba%204.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="810" data-original-width="1080" height="300" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiZxpH_-MXjajbDmQcsJ1zJBrKRRlhY0dc2eKSSK0-CXWR5Q5py82tMG1R71RjTPTd_RA8E-7nrbU_2QMVKWDHmx8dsHCSZ456R0CtTXMFy8Vv9xr5GT6gS77TkSKrgW5B_B1gqIz5-qZPC17mAIk-lzbQP7RNhizVE69-EcPPhTN2eJmGgMfjRp0Dcdxw/w400-h300/Shamba%204.png" width="400" /></a></div><br /> </span></span></div></div></span></div></div></div></div></div>ΝΕΚΡΟΣ ΓΙΑ ΤΟΝ ΚΟΣΜΟhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/02509837341423212543noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2056303034280009991.post-5256734219594806082023-08-08T05:13:00.001-07:002023-08-08T05:13:03.585-07:00Πραξικόπημα στο Νίγηρα: οι εξελίξεις τρομάζουν τη δύση - ποιοι ετοιμάζονται να εμπλακούν...<p style="text-align: center;"> <span style="color: #04ff00;"><span style="font-family: georgia; font-size: medium;">Κλικ <a href="https://choratouaxoritou.gr/?p=286816">εδώ</a> παρακαλώ! </span></span></p><p><span style="color: #04ff00;"><span style="font-family: georgia; font-size: medium;"></span></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: georgia; font-size: medium;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiz2qZPWXVXSKC3wqTNWap7I4FjrcnzuCf1U3-y66VBXGQh2OaWZeZyvNKxa6jgQY3vkQzkU7yGLA3t5sJp3MkRWbCu0vv1-c28ib0USJmRNDzRaQrftLo2p8m_gXgy5lXzx8i637H-WC72XWG_-Dek11ZMHsEB4hlis-hzlKI389SQ_C9qsrYang4ZnVE/s500/%CE%BD%CE%B9%CE%B3%CE%B7%CF%81%CE%B1%CF%82-1.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="300" data-original-width="500" height="192" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiz2qZPWXVXSKC3wqTNWap7I4FjrcnzuCf1U3-y66VBXGQh2OaWZeZyvNKxa6jgQY3vkQzkU7yGLA3t5sJp3MkRWbCu0vv1-c28ib0USJmRNDzRaQrftLo2p8m_gXgy5lXzx8i637H-WC72XWG_-Dek11ZMHsEB4hlis-hzlKI389SQ_C9qsrYang4ZnVE/s320/%CE%BD%CE%B9%CE%B3%CE%B7%CF%81%CE%B1%CF%82-1.png" width="320" /></a></span></div><span style="font-family: georgia; font-size: medium;"><br /> </span><br /><p></p>ΝΕΚΡΟΣ ΓΙΑ ΤΟΝ ΚΟΣΜΟhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/02509837341423212543noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2056303034280009991.post-8193758676895454092023-07-28T04:05:00.002-07:002023-07-28T04:05:50.142-07:00The feast-day of St. Markella of Chios (July 22) & a shocking message regarding child abuse<p> </p><p><span lang="EN-AU" style="color: #04ff00; font-family: "Comic Sans MS";"></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh8TZhyOkO0Ad2vMtfIWg3D0KXVEKo9rpBCWPY6XHVV1Ej-gZ2fsBFOxXDZG07m2haBJPOSCOyRyM2iNpy52CTg_NwygLBq4LZjrcMtue6INzkXhqAZAsfStQ8Q-Rifb8ezQ6BBy9wV-g38Ksr7x5CN6fgwGbMi_4V8GRQLSu4Qb2mtNBKrVceib1WiWx0/s750/%CE%B1%CE%B3%CE%AF%CE%B1%20%CE%9C%CE%B1%CF%81%CE%BA%CE%AD%CE%BB%CE%BB%CE%B1.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="450" data-original-width="750" height="384" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh8TZhyOkO0Ad2vMtfIWg3D0KXVEKo9rpBCWPY6XHVV1Ej-gZ2fsBFOxXDZG07m2haBJPOSCOyRyM2iNpy52CTg_NwygLBq4LZjrcMtue6INzkXhqAZAsfStQ8Q-Rifb8ezQ6BBy9wV-g38Ksr7x5CN6fgwGbMi_4V8GRQLSu4Qb2mtNBKrVceib1WiWx0/w640-h384/%CE%B1%CE%B3%CE%AF%CE%B1%20%CE%9C%CE%B1%CF%81%CE%BA%CE%AD%CE%BB%CE%BB%CE%B1.jpg" width="640" /></a></div><br /><p></p><p><span lang="EN-AU" style="color: #04ff00; font-family: "Comic Sans MS";">This article was written on the occasion
of the feast of the holy </span><span style="color: #04ff00;">
<span style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS";">V</span><span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS";">irgin Martyr Markella of Chios (the
'Chiopolitis'</span><span style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS";"> - a </span>
<span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS";">native of Chios, Greece), whose memory is
commemorated on July 22</span><span style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS";">nd</span><span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS";">.</span></span>
</p><p align="center">
<span style="color: #eeeeee;"><a href="https://www.oodegr.com/english/biographies/arxaioi/Markella-and-child-abuse.htm"><span style="font-family: Palatino Linotype; font-size: medium;"><span lang="EN-GB">
<span class="style13">O</span><span class="style13">rthodox
</span><span class="style13">O</span><span class="style13">utlet for</span><span class="style13"> D</span><span class="style13">ogmatic
</span><span class="style13">E</span><span class="style13">nquiries</span></span></span><span style="font-size: medium;"><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS";"> </span><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS";"><br /></span></span></a></span></p><p align="center"><span lang="FR" style="color: red; font-family: "Comic Sans MS";">Source:</span><span lang="FR" style="color: #606060; font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; mso-ansi-language: FR; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;"> <a href="https://euxh.gr/theologia/orthodoxia/agia-markella-paidiki-kakopoiisi">euxh.gr</a> </span><span lang="FR" style="color: #e69138; font-family: "Comic Sans MS";">(</span><span style="color: #e69138;">Translation: K.N.<span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS";">)</span><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS";"><br /></span></span></p>
<p class="style1">
<span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; mso-ansi-language: EN-AU; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;"><span class="auto-style6">Saint Markella
was murdered with unprecedented ferocity by her own father, who
was obsessed with sexual lust for her! The girl resisted his
wishes to the death – literally - but he finally chased her to
the shore and slaughtered her when she became trapped among the
rocks! The people of Chios confirm that every year, on the day
of her memory, the waters at the site of her slaughter turn red
by themselves, as if they too want to honour the pure, virgin
blood that was so unjustly and tragically spilled there.</span></span></p>
<p class="style1">
<span class="auto-style6">
<span class="auto-style8" lang="EN-AU" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-AU; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">The saint is characterized as
'Virgin-Martyr', because 'virgin' in the ancient Greek language
(parthenos) does not only mean a person who is sexually
untouched and pure; it is also used when referring to a girl (a
young woman, mainly a teenager - unmarried of course). A
Christian girl who has not been married is taken for granted to
be physically</span><span class="auto-style8" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-AU; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;"> (sexually) unmolested</span><span class="auto-style8" lang="EN-AU" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-AU; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">, which is why the Greek terms for 'daughter'
and 'virgin' have become synonymous. This is why young and
unmarried women who</span><span class="auto-style8" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-AU; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;"> had </span>
<span class="auto-style8" lang="EN-AU" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-AU; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">martyred for their faith in Christ and His
teaching are called '</span><span class="auto-style8" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-AU; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">V</span><span class="auto-style8" lang="EN-AU" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-AU; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">irgin </span>
<span class="auto-style8" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-AU; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">M</span><span class="auto-style11" lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; mso-ansi-language: EN-AU; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">artyrs'.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Examples of Virgin Martyrs are Saint Marina, Saint
Kyriake, Saint Paraskeve, Saint Christina, Saint Barbara, Saint
Ekaterina, e.a.. The first four mentioned here are</span><span class="auto-style11" style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; mso-ansi-language: EN-AU; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;"> </span>
<span class="auto-style11" lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; mso-ansi-language: EN-AU; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">commemorated
in July</span><span class="auto-style11" style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; mso-ansi-language: EN-AU; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">.</span></span></p><p class="style1"></p>
<p class="style1">
<span class="auto-style6">
<span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; mso-ansi-language: EN-AU; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">The feast<span lang="en-us">-day</span> of St. Markella<span lang="en-us">
marks the commemoration of her exceptionally brutal martyrdom
</span>(<span lang="en-us">by an a</span>bhorrent example of a father </span>
<span class="auto-style8" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-AU; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">
who </span>
<span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; mso-ansi-language: EN-AU; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">had lost his senses
with carnal lust for his daughter to such a degree that he
finally hunted her down and slaughtered her <span lang="en-us">
far</span> more viciously than <span lang="en-us">the </span>slaughter<span lang="en-us">ing</span>
<span lang="en-us">of </span>a lamb)</span><span class="auto-style8" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-AU; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">;
a martyrdom that</span><span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; mso-ansi-language: EN-AU; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;"> conveys
through the centuries a <span lang="en-us">profoundly </span>shocking message
<span lang="en-us">regarding</span> child abuse. The element
underlying her story that has left a deep impression in people
more than any other is precisely the shocking manner of her
death and the natural perpetrator of her murder.</span></span></p>
<p align="center">
<span lang="EN-AU" style="color: #606060; font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; mso-ansi-language: EN-AU; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;"> </span><img height="314" src="https://www.oodegr.com/english/biographies/arxaioi/img3B.jpg" width="400" /><span lang="EN-AU" style="color: #606060; font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; mso-ansi-language: EN-AU; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;"></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-AU" style="color: #e69138; font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; font-size: 9.5pt;">L</span><span lang="EN-AU" style="color: #e69138; font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; font-size: 9.5pt;">ocation</span><span style="color: #e69138; font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; font-size: 9.5pt;"> marking where </span><span style="color: #e69138;">
<span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; font-size: 9.5pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-AU; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EL;">the </span>
<span style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; font-size: 9.5pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-AU; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EL;">martyr was slaughtered</span><span style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; font-size: 9.5pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-AU; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EL;"> and the water turns blood-red</span><span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; font-size: 9.5pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-AU; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EL;"> annually</span><span style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; font-size: 9.5pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-AU; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EL;"> on her feast-day.</span></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-AU" style="color: #222222; font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; font-size: 9.5pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-AU; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EL;"></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal">
<img height="400" src="https://www.oodegr.com/english/biographies/arxaioi/img3C.jpg" width="300" /><span lang="EN-AU" style="color: #222222; font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; font-size: 9.5pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-AU; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EL;"></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-AU" style="color: #e69138; font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; font-size: 9.5pt;">Shrine on the
coast</span><span style="color: #e69138; font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; font-size: 9.5pt;"> -</span><span lang="EN-AU" style="color: #e69138; font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; font-size: 9.5pt;"> facing the
</span><span style="color: #e69138;">
<span style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; font-size: 9.5pt;">martyr's place of
m</span><span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; font-size: 9.5pt;">artyr</span><span style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; font-size: 9.5pt;">dom</span></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal">
<img src="https://www.oodegr.com/english/biographies/arxaioi/img3D.jpg" /><span lang="EN-AU" style="color: #222222; font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; font-size: 9.5pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-AU; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EL;"></span></p>
<p align="center">
<span lang="EN-AU" style="color: #e69138; font-family: "Comic Sans MS";">The Monastery of Saint Markella on Chios
Island, Greece</span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal">
</p>
<p class="auto-style7">
<span class="auto-style11" lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; mso-ansi-language: EN-AU; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">The same is true for the feast day of the
<strong>Holy Great
Martyr Barbara</strong> (December 4<sup>th</sup>), where the
predominant element of her life that </span>
<span style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; mso-ansi-language: EN-AU; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">has </span>
<span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; mso-ansi-language: EN-AU; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;"> impressed people is the fact that her own father
betrayed her to the Romans as a Christian</span><span style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; mso-ansi-language: EN-AU; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">,</span><span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; mso-ansi-language: EN-AU; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;"> allow</span><span style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; mso-ansi-language: EN-AU; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">ing</span><span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; mso-ansi-language: EN-AU; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;"> her to be subjected to gruesome torture and finally</span><span style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; mso-ansi-language: EN-AU; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">,</span><span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; mso-ansi-language: EN-AU; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;"> </span>
<span style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; mso-ansi-language: EN-AU; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">up</span><span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; mso-ansi-language: EN-AU; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">on his personal insistence</span><span style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; mso-ansi-language: EN-AU; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">,
to be </span>
<span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; mso-ansi-language: EN-AU; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">decapitat</span><span style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; mso-ansi-language: EN-AU; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">ed
by</span><span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; mso-ansi-language: EN-AU; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;"> his own hand </span>
<span style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; mso-ansi-language: EN-AU; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">
(</span><span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; mso-ansi-language: EN-AU; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">only to be struck and killed
by a bolt of lightning a few days later</span><span style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; mso-ansi-language: EN-AU; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">). This detail is the reason </span>
<span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; mso-ansi-language: EN-AU; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;"> Saint Barbara has been established
in Greece as the
patron saint of the </span>
<span style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; mso-ansi-language: EN-AU; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">Military Division of</span><span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; mso-ansi-language: EN-AU; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;"> Heavy Artillery.</span></p>
<p align="center">
<img height="400" src="https://www.oodegr.com/english/biographies/arxaioi/img3E.jpg" width="381" /><span style="color: #606060; font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;"></span></p>
<p align="center">
<span lang="EN-AU" style="color: #e69138; font-family: "Comic Sans MS";">Saint Barbara </span><span style="color: #e69138;">
<span style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS";">being </span>
<span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS";">decapitated by her father</span></span></p>
<p class="auto-style7">
<span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; mso-ansi-language: EN-AU; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">Two other (but less well</span><span style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; mso-ansi-language: EN-AU; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">-</span><span class="auto-style11" lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; mso-ansi-language: EN-AU; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">known) saints who were murdered by their
father are the <strong>Great Martyr Christina</strong></span><span style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; mso-ansi-language: EN-AU; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">,</span><span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; mso-ansi-language: EN-AU; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;"> horrifically
tortured</span><span style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; mso-ansi-language: EN-AU; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;"> for being</span><span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; mso-ansi-language: EN-AU; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;"> a Christian</span><span style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; mso-ansi-language: EN-AU; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;"> (</span><span class="auto-style11" lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; mso-ansi-language: EN-AU; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">commemorated July 24<sup>th</sup>)
</span></p>
<p class="auto-style9">
<img height="320" src="https://www.oodegr.com/english/biographies/arxaioi/img43.jpg" width="213" /> </p><p class="auto-style9"><span style="font-family: georgia;"><span style="color: #e69138; font-size: small;">Saint Christina</span></span></p>
<p class="auto-style7">
<span class="auto-style11" lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; mso-ansi-language: EN-AU; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">and <strong>Saint Philothea of Arges, Romania</strong>, (commemorated
December 7<sup>th</sup>). Orphaned on the mother’s side and with
an abusive stepmother, the saint was mortally wounded by her
father (possibly </span>
<span style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; mso-ansi-language: EN-AU; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">not</span><span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; mso-ansi-language: EN-AU; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;"> inten</span><span style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; mso-ansi-language: EN-AU; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">ding</span><span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; mso-ansi-language: EN-AU; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;"> to kill her) because she
was giving away to the poor most of the food her stepmother
would give her to take to her father working in the fields. She
was only 12 years old!</span></p>
<p align="center"> <img height="400" src="https://www.oodegr.com/english/biographies/arxaioi/img40.jpg" width="164" /><span lang="EN-AU" style="color: #606060; font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; mso-ansi-language: EN-AU; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;"></span></p>
<p align="center">
<span lang="EN-AU" style="color: #e69138; font-family: "Comic Sans MS";">Saint Philothea of Arges, Romania</span></p>
<p class="auto-style7">
<span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; mso-ansi-language: EN-AU; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">We might also mention two married</span><span style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; mso-ansi-language: EN-AU; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;"> Christian</span><span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; mso-ansi-language: EN-AU; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;"> </span>
<span style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; mso-ansi-language: EN-AU; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">women</span><span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; mso-ansi-language: EN-AU; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;"> who were victims of domestic violence
and are also honoured by the Church as martyrs: they are the
Saints </span>
<span style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; mso-ansi-language: EN-AU; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;"> both </span>
<span class="auto-style11" lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; mso-ansi-language: EN-AU; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;"> named Thomais: <strong>Saint Thomais of Lesvos Islqnd, Greece</strong>
(commemorated January 3<sup>rd</sup>) who was beaten to death by
her husband, and <strong>Saint Thomais of Alexandria,
Egypt</strong> (commemorated April 14<sup>th</sup>), who was murdered
by her father-in-law for resisting his sexual desires!</span></p>
<p align="center"><img src="https://www.oodegr.com/english/biographies/arxaioi/img41.jpg" /><span lang="EN-AU" style="color: #606060; font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; mso-ansi-language: EN-AU; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></p><p align="center"><span lang="EN-AU" style="color: #606060; font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; mso-ansi-language: EN-AU; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span></span><img src="https://www.oodegr.com/english/biographies/arxaioi/img42.jpg" /></p>
<p class="style8" style="text-align: center;">
<span lang="EN-AU" style="color: #e69138; font-family: "Comic Sans MS";">
Saint Thomais of Lesvos
Island (Greece<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">) <span lang="en-us">& </span></span></span><span style="color: #e69138;"><span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS";">Saint Thomais of Alexandria Egypt</span></span></p>
<p class="style1">
<span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; mso-ansi-language: EN-AU; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;"><span class="auto-style6">The conclusion
</span>
</span>
<span class="auto-style6">
<span style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; mso-ansi-language: EN-AU; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">one reaches
from</span><span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; mso-ansi-language: EN-AU; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;"> all the above
instances is that domestic violence and child abuse </span>
<span style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; mso-ansi-language: EN-AU; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;"> was</span><span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; mso-ansi-language: EN-AU; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;"> brought
to light by Christians and</span><span style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; mso-ansi-language: EN-AU; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;"> openly</span><span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; mso-ansi-language: EN-AU; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;"> denounced
through the Christian Synaxarions (Books of Saints’ biographies)
</span>
<span style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; mso-ansi-language: EN-AU; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;"> mentioning
</span>
<span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; mso-ansi-language: EN-AU; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">women</span><span style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; mso-ansi-language: EN-AU; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;"> </span>
<span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; mso-ansi-language: EN-AU; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">victims of
such violence</span><span style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; mso-ansi-language: EN-AU; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;"> who</span><span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; mso-ansi-language: EN-AU; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;"> are
commemorated </span>
<span style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; mso-ansi-language: EN-AU; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;"> annually</span><span class="auto-style11" lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; mso-ansi-language: EN-AU; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;"> by the
Church as saints and martyrs</span><span class="auto-style11" style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; mso-ansi-language: EN-AU; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">.</span></span></p>
<p class="style1">
<span class="auto-style6"><span class="auto-style8">It must be </span>
<span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; mso-ansi-language: EN-AU; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">emphasize</span><span style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; mso-ansi-language: EN-AU; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">d</span><span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; mso-ansi-language: EN-AU; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;"> that a person
is deified </span>
<span style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; mso-ansi-language: EN-AU; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">(recognized by
the Church as a saint), </span>
<span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; mso-ansi-language: EN-AU; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">through
evidence of</span><span style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; mso-ansi-language: EN-AU; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;"> their
unyielding</span><span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; mso-ansi-language: EN-AU; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;"> faith and
love</span><span style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; mso-ansi-language: EN-AU; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;"> for Christ</span><span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; mso-ansi-language: EN-AU; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">. They </span>
<span style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; mso-ansi-language: EN-AU; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">have also</span><span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; mso-ansi-language: EN-AU; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;"> </span>
<span style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; mso-ansi-language: EN-AU; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">been </span>
<span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; mso-ansi-language: EN-AU; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">recognized as
saints for</span><span style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; mso-ansi-language: EN-AU; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;"> steadfastly</span><span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; mso-ansi-language: EN-AU; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;"> defending
their moral</span><span style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; mso-ansi-language: EN-AU; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;"> Christian</span><span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; mso-ansi-language: EN-AU; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;"> principles</span><span style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; mso-ansi-language: EN-AU; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;"> to their
dying breath -</span><span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; mso-ansi-language: EN-AU; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;"> and not
</span>
<span style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; mso-ansi-language: EN-AU; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">merely</span><span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; mso-ansi-language: EN-AU; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;"> because they</span><span style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; mso-ansi-language: EN-AU; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;"> happened to</span><span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; mso-ansi-language: EN-AU; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;"> ha</span><span style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; mso-ansi-language: EN-AU; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">ve</span><span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; mso-ansi-language: EN-AU; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;"> fallen
victims to a certain kind of criminal behaviour. The same
applies to all the martyrs who had preferred torture and death
rather than betray their faith and their moral principles. Most
of them would have attained sainthood anyway, </span>
<span style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; mso-ansi-language: EN-AU; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">for </span>
<span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; mso-ansi-language: EN-AU; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">having lived
holy lives; </span>
<span style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; mso-ansi-language: EN-AU; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">although </span>
<span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; mso-ansi-language: EN-AU; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">a holy life
was </span>
<span style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; mso-ansi-language: EN-AU; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">also
understood as </span>
<span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; mso-ansi-language: EN-AU; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">an occasion
for them to be tested unto death</span><span style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; mso-ansi-language: EN-AU; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">,</span><span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; mso-ansi-language: EN-AU; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;"> </span>
<span style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; mso-ansi-language: EN-AU; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">even </span>
<span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; mso-ansi-language: EN-AU; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">sacrificing their very lives
and - according to Orthodox Christianity – </span>
<span style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; mso-ansi-language: EN-AU; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">anticipating they have </span>
<span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; mso-ansi-language: EN-AU; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">earn</span><span style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; mso-ansi-language: EN-AU; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">ed</span><span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; mso-ansi-language: EN-AU; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;"> </span>
<span style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; mso-ansi-language: EN-AU; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">E</span></span><span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; mso-ansi-language: EN-AU; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;"><span class="auto-style6">ternity.</span></span></p><p class="style1"><span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; mso-ansi-language: EN-AU; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;"><span class="auto-style6"> </span></span></p>
ΝΕΚΡΟΣ ΓΙΑ ΤΟΝ ΚΟΣΜΟhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/02509837341423212543noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2056303034280009991.post-35206528469838641072023-07-17T09:07:00.003-07:002023-07-19T00:56:04.502-07:00Όταν ο ΑΓΙΟΣ ΠΑΪΣΙΟΣ συναντά τον πρώτο Αφρικανό μαθητή στην Αθωνιάδα...<p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: small;"> </span></p><p></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhpHNcu12PZBITN0PIZ0viyUDPQ3LNfLr1g2hi5xfWsPaijSIaC1YWj5mwTGDL9JfMEnXMGVt09NcJ5rvUeo_j2u64BSFOSfTi5Pj8Ebey0-LMvh3TtmW83RB1KvTMYjnju5EwQ2jpygKQT4cJINHt17qTIBakj1mMMmk97eJcaiOHz5NmYxe1EztFyam0/s2048/%CF%80.%20%CE%A4%CE%B9%CE%BC%CF%8C%CE%B8%CE%B5%CE%BF%CF%82%20%CE%9D%CF%84%CE%BF%CF%8D%CE%BC%CF%80%CE%B1.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1365" data-original-width="2048" height="213" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhpHNcu12PZBITN0PIZ0viyUDPQ3LNfLr1g2hi5xfWsPaijSIaC1YWj5mwTGDL9JfMEnXMGVt09NcJ5rvUeo_j2u64BSFOSfTi5Pj8Ebey0-LMvh3TtmW83RB1KvTMYjnju5EwQ2jpygKQT4cJINHt17qTIBakj1mMMmk97eJcaiOHz5NmYxe1EztFyam0/s320/%CF%80.%20%CE%A4%CE%B9%CE%BC%CF%8C%CE%B8%CE%B5%CE%BF%CF%82%20%CE%9D%CF%84%CE%BF%CF%8D%CE%BC%CF%80%CE%B1.jpg" width="320" /></a></div><p></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: small;"><span style="color: #ffa400;">Αρχιμ. Τιμόθεος Ntumba, Πατριαρχικός Επίτροπος Ιεράς Επισκοπής Γκόμας</span><br /></span><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: small;"><a href="https://konstantinoupolipothoumeno.blogspot.com/2023/06/blog-post_91.html?m=1&fbclid=IwAR10ZuAJn-mcmCiHCQ96bQHLQvK5O3U-3PzsS_UzJm75moXt90qz_-UIW6M">Ελληνορωμαϊκά</a><br /></span> <span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: small;"><a href="https://www.facebook.com/timotheos.ntumba.3">https://www.facebook.com/timotheos.ntumba.3</a><br /><br />Πριν πάμε στην μαρτυρία... ευδόκησε ο ΑΓΙΟΣ ΘΕΟΣ και αυτός μετά από δεκαετίες να ανοικοδομηθεί στον Άγιο ο πρώτος Ιερός Ναός του στην καρδιά της Αφρικής <br /><br />Γκόμα, στις 06.06.2023</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: small;">ΜΕ ΦΩΝΑΞΕ ΜΕ ΤΟ ΟΝΟΜΑ ΜΟΥ ΚΑΙ ΓΝΩΡΙΖΕ ΑΠΟ ΠΟΥ ΕΡΧΟΜΑΙ ΧΩΡΙΣ ΝΑ ΜΕ ΡΩΤΗΣΕΙ</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: small;"> Όταν ήμουν μαθητής Αθωνιάδος Εκκλησιαστικής Ακαδημίας του Αγίου Όρους το 1990, άκουγα όλοι να μιλάνε για τον Γέροντα Παΐσιο. Π.χ. λέγανε: «Ο Γέροντας Παΐσιος μου είπε», ή «Τι είπε ο Γέροντας Παΐσιος», ή «Πήγαινε να το πεις στον Γερο-Παΐσιο», κλπ.<br />Αρκετές φορές επέστρεφαν από την Αθωνιάδα Σχολή πολλοί συμμαθητές μου και τους ρωτούσα πού ήταν, απαντούσαν «Ήμασταν στην Παναγούδα, στον Πατέρα Παΐσιο». <br />Έτσι, κάποιο ευλογημένο πρωί, συνοδευόμενος από έναν από τους Καθηγητές μας της Αθωνιάδος Σχολής, τον κ. <a href="https://www.google.com/search?client=firefox-b-d&q=%CE%91%CE%B8%CE%B1%CE%BD%CE%AC%CF%83%CE%B9%CE%BF%CF%82+%CE%A1%CE%B1%CE%BA%CE%BF%CE%B2%CE%B1%CE%BB%CE%AE%CF%82">Αθανάσιο Ρακοβαλή</a>, έφτασα στο Κελί του. Εκείνα τα χρόνια ήμουν ο μόνος μαθητής Αθωνιάδος από την Αφρική που ζούσα στις Καρυές. Όταν με είδε ο Γέροντας Παΐσιος, έστρεψε το βλέμμα του πάνω μου, και εγώ τον κοιτούσα με όλη μου την προσοχή. </span><br /></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: small;">Λίγο μακριά πριν τον πλησιάσω για να φιλήσω την Αγία του Δεξιά, μου είπε με δυνατή φωνή «Ντούμπα, εσύ είσαι;». Και εγώ με έκπληξη, μέσα στην καρδιά μου έλεγα "πώς ξέρει το όνομά μου, χωρίς να με ρωτήσει πώς σε λένε, όπως με ρωτάνε όλοι!", είπα "Ναι, Γέροντα, εγώ είμαι". Και κατευθείαν χωρίς να συστηθούμε, όπως γίνεται σε όλο τον κόσμο, σαν να είχαμε δει ο ένας τον άλλον πολύ πριν, μου είπε ο Άγιος Παΐσιος: <span style="color: #e69138;">«Ξέρεις τι σημαίνει το όνομά σου;» και του απάντησα: «Γέροντα, τα παιδιά στη Σχολή με κοροϊδεύουν και μου λένε τούμπες και κάνουν ταυτόχρονα τούμπες στον αέρα». Μου είπε «όχι, το όνομά σου σημαίνει ύψωμα, και εύχομαι να γίνεις ένα ύψωμα και πολύς κόσμος θα βοηθηθεί κοντά σου!». Είναι περιττό να επισημάνω ότι αυτή είναι η έννοια του ονόματός μου, στη μητρική μου γλώσσα. </span></span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: small;">Αφήνοντας για λίγο τους άλλους επισκέπτες, που βρίσκονταν στην αυλή του Κελιού του, ο Άγιος Γέροντας στράφηκε ξανά προς το μέρος μου, καθώς ατένιζα συνεχώς το βλέμμα μου πάνω του, και μου είπε «Από το Ζαΐρ δεν είσαι;» Αυτό πάλι με εξέπληξε πολύ, γιατί δεν με ρώτησε καν από που είμαι, αλλά μου είπε ο ίδιος από πού κατάγομαι. Εκείνα τα χρόνια το Κονγκό ονομαζόταν Ζαΐρ. Είπα «Ναι, Γέροντα, είμαι από το Ζαΐρ». Και πρόσθεσε, χαϊδεύοντάς με στον ώμο, λέγοντας: «Στην Ελλάδα δεν έχουμε κανένα λουλούδι από το Ζαΐρ, εύχομαι να γίνεις εσύ». [ Αυτό που είπε ο Άγιος είναι βέβαια μια ευχή. Και ανάμεσα στην ευχή και την πραγματικότητα, το χάσμα είναι ιλιγγιώδες]. <span style="color: #e69138;">Ίσως να το είπε έτσι ο Γέροντας Παΐσιος, διότι είμαι ο πρώτος Αφρικανός μαθητής στην Ιστορία της Αθωνιάδος Σχολής. Και οπωσδήποτε είναι μια ιστορική ευθύνη! Ο Θεός ζητά πολλά από αυτούς στους οποίους έχει δώσει πολλά.</span></span></p><p></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjmvBCfWvZRQV4iRzKM01RSNjc2HTedJ8gkUz600yXndtRzcozggoAxRhYr00aN2sLMAboQ5lBPewIx0g1PMCeyGzbyUrrvHf-xEDbtcZuYiJwxfGONyokS4vlrC_-ZgwaCa5qDw8lTTG-mT_h0j1G__KgkyVNJy2eZ_cJfItYuDSMFy_9XKEt14MlACko/s960/%CE%BD%CE%B1%CF%8C%CF%82%20%CE%B1%CE%B3%CE%AF%CE%BF%CF%85%20%CE%A0%CE%B1%CF%8A%CF%83%CE%AF%CE%BF%CF%85,%20%CE%91%CF%86%CF%81%CE%B9%CE%BA%CE%AE%202.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="960" data-original-width="432" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjmvBCfWvZRQV4iRzKM01RSNjc2HTedJ8gkUz600yXndtRzcozggoAxRhYr00aN2sLMAboQ5lBPewIx0g1PMCeyGzbyUrrvHf-xEDbtcZuYiJwxfGONyokS4vlrC_-ZgwaCa5qDw8lTTG-mT_h0j1G__KgkyVNJy2eZ_cJfItYuDSMFy_9XKEt14MlACko/w180-h400/%CE%BD%CE%B1%CF%8C%CF%82%20%CE%B1%CE%B3%CE%AF%CE%BF%CF%85%20%CE%A0%CE%B1%CF%8A%CF%83%CE%AF%CE%BF%CF%85,%20%CE%91%CF%86%CF%81%CE%B9%CE%BA%CE%AE%202.jpg" width="180" /></a></div><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: small;"> Καθώς καταλάβαινε με το διορατικό του Πνεύμα ότι ήθελα να του μιλήσω και ότι δεν τολμούσα να του το ζητήσω από βαθύ σεβασμό και ευλάβεια απέναντί του, με πήρε από το χέρι και σταθήκαμε λίγο δίπλα στο Κελί του προς τη δεξιά πλευρά, καθώς μπαίνουμε στο Κελί του, εκεί όπου είχε τον μικρό του κήπο (τον μπαξέ) με ντομάτες, κλπ., ενώ οι προσκυνητές είχαν μείνει καθισμένοι στην αριστερή πλευρά πάνω στα κούτσουρα-καθίσματα. Του άνοιξα όλη μου την καρδιά, του είπα όλα μου τα προβλήματα, μικρά και μεγάλα, και μου έδινε τις συμβουλές του. Αλλά μου έκανε πολύ εντύπωση που οι λύσεις που μου έδινε ο Άγιος Παΐσιος στα προβλήματά μου ήταν πολύ διαφορετικές από αυτές που μου είχαν δώσει άλλοι πνευματικοί λίγους μήνες πριν στην Αθήνα αλλά και στο Άγιον Όρος, όταν τους είχα μιλήσει. </span><p></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: small;"><span style="color: #e69138;">Ο υπό ανέγερση ναός του αγίου στο Κονγκό (από <a href="https://konstantinoupolipothoumeno.blogspot.com/2023/06/blog-post_67.html?m=1">εδώ</a>)</span><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: small;">Και αρκετές φορές όταν του έλεγα πάνω στην κουβέντα αυτό που μου είχαν απαντήσει οι προηγούμενοι, φαινόταν έντονα ενοχλημένος με τις απαντήσεις τους. Εγώ όμως τους δικαιολογούσα μέσα μου, διότι ίσως δεν με καταλαβαίνανε καλά, δεν μπορούσαμε να συνεννοηθούμε καλά μαζί τους. Ενώ με τον Γέροντα Παΐσιο μιλούσα με σπάνια άνεση κάθε φορά, και δεν μπορούσα να το εξηγήσω αυτό. Αφού λοιπόν με νουθέτησε και μου μίλησε για πρώτη φορά στην ζωή μου για την προσευχή του Ιησού «Κύριε Ιησού Χριστέ, Υιέ του Θεού, ελέησόν με», επιστρέψαμε στην Σχολή με τον κ. Αθανάσιο Ρακοβαλή, τον οποίο ευχαριστώ απεριόριστα, που με συνόδευσε στον Γέροντα Παΐσιο, στον Άγιο Παΐσιο τον Αγιορείτη.<br /></span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: small;">Και τώρα τον δρόμο προς την Παναγούδα τον είχα μάθει (αν και πολλές φορές χανόμουνα εκεί στα δάση και αντιλαμβανόμουνα ότι είχα χαθεί όταν αντίκριζα μπροστά μου την Σκήτη του Αγίου Παντελεήμονος. Και άντε τώρα να ξαναγυρίσεις, μέσα στα χιόνια….)<br />Ναι, είχα μάθει το Κελί του Γέροντα Παΐσιου, στην Παναγούδα, μπορούσα πλέον να πηγαίνω μόνος μου πολλές φορές, ειδικά τα απογεύματα που είχαν ήδη φύγει οι επισκέπτες, να τον δω, να ακούσω τις συμβουλές του και να παίρνω τις ευχές και ευλογίες του, κυρίως όμως πήγαινα για να τον βλέπω. Η θέα του με αρκούσε και αισθανόμουν σαν να βρισκόμουνα στον Παράδεισο. Πράγματι και ο Παράδεισος είναι θέα. Η θέα του γλυκυτάτου Προσώπου του Χριστού, καθώς εστί, στην δόξα Του: «Πάτερ, οὓς δέδωκάς μοι, θέλω ἵνα ὅπου εἰμὶ ἐγὼ κἀκεῖνοι ὦσι μετ' ἐμοῦ, ἵνα θεωρῶσι τὴν δόξαν τὴν ἐμὴν ἣν δέδωκάς μοι, ὅτι ἠγάπησάς με πρὸ καταβολῆς κόσμου» ( Κατά Ιων. 17.24).</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: small;">Πολλές φορές θυμάμαι μόνο όταν πήγαινα στο Κελί του, αλλά δεν θυμόμουνα καλά-καλά πώς επέστρεφα στη Σχολή, διότι ο δρόμος της επιστροφής ήταν πάντα πολύ ελαφρός, σύντομος και γρήγορος. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: small;"> </span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjARBV4znKC7TdX-F8nf4ZZ_yWCU-eDwNe0jyHULoMnFHghwQ5VdnIVd6ESQxchrxxVA-OlYJO5tTtv2F7hPKUhdra7BoU4hEz_B3FwEkI09CvRXq9XsLgcZrjTgQkHlqPv7dKstmvzfDo/s1600/%25CE%25A4%25CF%2581%25CE%25B5%25CE%25B9%25CF%2582+%25CE%25B3%25CE%25AD%25CF%2581%25CE%25BF%25CE%25BD%25CF%2584%25CE%25B5%25CF%2582+%25CF%2583%25CF%2584%25CE%25BF+%25CE%259A%25CE%25B1%25CE%25BC%25CE%25B5%25CF%2581%25CE%25BF%25CF%258D%25CE%25BD+1.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="662" data-original-width="796" height="266" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjARBV4znKC7TdX-F8nf4ZZ_yWCU-eDwNe0jyHULoMnFHghwQ5VdnIVd6ESQxchrxxVA-OlYJO5tTtv2F7hPKUhdra7BoU4hEz_B3FwEkI09CvRXq9XsLgcZrjTgQkHlqPv7dKstmvzfDo/s320/%25CE%25A4%25CF%2581%25CE%25B5%25CE%25B9%25CF%2582+%25CE%25B3%25CE%25AD%25CF%2581%25CE%25BF%25CE%25BD%25CF%2584%25CE%25B5%25CF%2582+%25CF%2583%25CF%2584%25CE%25BF+%25CE%259A%25CE%25B1%25CE%25BC%25CE%25B5%25CF%2581%25CE%25BF%25CF%258D%25CE%25BD+1.jpg" width="320" /></a></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: x-small;">Φωτο από την ανάρτηση <a href="http://o-nekros.blogspot.com/2018/07/three-contemporary-orthodox-saints.html">Τρεις σύγχρονοι άγιοι & οι αφρικανικοί λαοί</a> (& <a href="http://grforafrica.blogspot.com/2018/06/three-contemporary-orthodox-saints.html">εδώ</a>)<br /></span></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small;"><br /></span></div><p></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: small;">Μερικές παρατηρήσεις για τον εαυτό μου: <br />1. Εκείνη την πρώτη μέρα που είδα τον Άγιο Παΐσιο και με δίδαξε πώς να λέω την ευχή , την προσευχή του Ιησού, ένιωσα μέσα μου σαν να είχε σπαρθεί η προσευχή του Ιησού στην καρδιά μου. Ένας σπόρος που φύτρωσε ίσως την ίδια ημέρα και δεν σταμάτησε ποτέ να μεγαλώνει. Μυστήριο πράγμα! <br />2. Την πρώτη μέρα που τον είδα, αισθάνθηκα μέσα μου σαν να είδα τον Μέγα Αντώνιο. Για αυτό, επιστρέφοντας στη Σχολή, όλο το βράδυ, για να παραμείνω πνευματικά συνδεμένος με τον π. Παΐσιο που είδα, - οι σκέψεις μου ήταν τόσο αχώριστες από αυτόν- διάβαζα τα Αποφθέγματα του Αγίου Αντωνίου του Μεγάλου εκ του Γεροντικού. Και ευχαριστούσα τον Θεό που με αξίωσε εκείνη την ημέρα να δω τον Άγιο Αντώνιο στο πρόσωπο του Γέροντα Παϊσίου !</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: small;">3. Όλα όσα μιλούσα στον Γέροντα Παΐσιο κάθε φορά που πήγαινα στην Παναγούδα τα καταλάβαινε ευθέως χωρίς ποτέ, ούτε μια φορά, να μου ζητήσει να το επαναλάβω για να το καταλάβει καλύτερα, όπως κοινώς συμβαίνει πολλές φορές . Και ό,τι μου έλεγε, ακόμα και τις λέξεις που άκουγα για πρώτη φορά, όλα τα καταλάβαινα με τη μια, χωρίς να χρειαστεί ποτέ να ανοίξω ένα λεξικό για να ψάξω το νόημα των λόγων του. Ωστόσο, ως μαθητής Αθωνιάδος, και αργότερα ως φοιτητής Πανεπιστημίου Αθηνών και Θεσσαλονίκης, χρησιμοποιούσα και χρησιμοποιώ πάντα το λεξικό για να ελέγξω τη σημασία και την ετυμολογία των λέξεων. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: small;">Όταν άκουγα τον Γέροντα Παΐσιο -είτε όταν μιλούσε στους προσκυνητές, είτε όταν ήμουν μαζί του μόνοι μας οι δύο μέσα στο Κελί του, όπου λόγω κρύου το χειμώνα, με έβαζε, από αγάπη του για να μην κρυώσω, μια και είμαι από άλλο κλήμα- δεν χρειαζόμουνα τον Μπαμπινιώτη για να καταλάβω καλά τους όρους και τις λέξεις του, αφού τα λόγια του είχαν την δύναμη της φλόγας της Πεντηκοστής, και διερμηνεύονταν μόνα τους στο πνεύμα μου. Όταν μου μιλούσε ο Πατήρ Παΐσιος, δεν θυμάμαι ούτε μια φορά να τον ρώτησα τι σημαίνει αυτή η συγκεκριμένη λέξη ή η τάδε φράση. Δεν μπορώ να εξηγήσω πως καταλάβαινα όλα όσα μου έλεγε από πλευράς συνεννόησης και συνομιλίας. Καταλάβαινα αμέσως και κρατούσα στη μνήμη μου ό τι μου έλεγε, χωρίς ούτε μια φορά να χρειαστεί να επαναλάβει κάτι για την καλύτερη κατανόησή του... Πολλές φορές είχα ερωτηθεί: Μήπως δεν μου μιλούσε στα ελληνικά; Μήπως μιλάγαμε και οι δύο στα γαλλικά; Ό,τι ήθελα να του θέσω σαν ερώτηση, του το έθετα με ευκολία, χωρίς να ψάχνω λέξεις, σαν να του μιλούσα στη μητρική μου γλώσσα.<br /></span> <span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: verdana;"><br />Να είναι πάντα κοντά μας ο Άγιος Παΐσιος και να πρεσβεύει για μας στην Ιεραποστολή, τώρα που χτίζουμε τον Ιερό Ναό του στην Περιοχή μας. Να ευλογεί πλουσιοπάροχα όλους όσους μας στηρίζουν και συμβάλουν στο έργο οικοδομής του Ιερού Ναού Αγίου Παϊσίου Γκόμας. «Και μόνον αν σκεφτεί κανείς ότι μπαίνοντας στον Ναό του Θεού μπαίνει στο σπίτι του Θεού και εκεί δέχεται την Θεία Χάρη και αγιάζεται, είναι αρκετό για να συγκλονιστεί». (Άγιος Παΐσιος ο Αγιορείτης)<br />«Άγιε Πατήρ ημών Παΐσιε, αεί πρέσβευε υπέρ ημών».<br /><br /><span style="color: #04ff00;">Ευδόκησε ο ΑΓΙΟΣ ΘΕΟΣ και αυτός μετά από δεκαετίες να ανοικοδομηθεί στον Άγιο ο πρώτος Ιερός Ναός του στην καρδιά της Αφρικής <br />στις 2 Ιουνίου γράψαμε<br />"στα τόσα παράδοξα που γίνονται στον πλανήτη, γίνεται και ένα ΚΑΛΟ . Οικοδομείται Ναός του ΑΓΙΟΥ ΠΑΙΣΙΟΥ στην Αφρική". Βλ. <a href="https://konstantinoupolipothoumeno.blogspot.com/2023/06/blog-post_67.html?m=1">https://konstantinoupolipothoumeno.blogspot.com/2023/06/blog-post_67.html?m=1</a></span><br /></span><br /></span> </p>ΝΕΚΡΟΣ ΓΙΑ ΤΟΝ ΚΟΣΜΟhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/02509837341423212543noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2056303034280009991.post-53011490474863977942023-07-16T03:42:00.000-07:002023-07-16T03:42:31.460-07:00Objevování Afriky<p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: small;"><span class="cm-author cm-vcard"> </span></span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: small;"><span class="cm-author cm-vcard"></span></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: small;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgEWxbbmSfWi9t7ZhxxMEHYKEYbbXIbTbFpZyn_siiJ8DVA1sJSNDdVQ6nxaG6kNPmQ3ZXa26TPFAVsArOuY5SR0hNNXJJw2lQI4UPAERr0dp_Verw-a6uuxmNVHpdzOaKLlC-uXRLgylplLk4O1ojEsEH-sRL15RqO8amy0zPEVC_jdOgb2xAz1tGFyVU/s800/Mapa_Zambesi_nahled-800x445.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="445" data-original-width="800" height="356" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgEWxbbmSfWi9t7ZhxxMEHYKEYbbXIbTbFpZyn_siiJ8DVA1sJSNDdVQ6nxaG6kNPmQ3ZXa26TPFAVsArOuY5SR0hNNXJJw2lQI4UPAERr0dp_Verw-a6uuxmNVHpdzOaKLlC-uXRLgylplLk4O1ojEsEH-sRL15RqO8amy0zPEVC_jdOgb2xAz1tGFyVU/w640-h356/Mapa_Zambesi_nahled-800x445.jpg" width="640" /></a></span></div><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: small;"><br /></span><p></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: small;"><span class="cm-author cm-vcard"><a class="url fn n" href="https://www-afrikaonline-cz.translate.goog/author/testicek/?_x_tr_sl=cs&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en&_x_tr_pto=sc" title="Jaromír Němec">Jaromír Němec</a></span> <br /></span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: small;"><a href="https://www.afrikaonline.cz/objevovani-afriky/">afrikaonline.cz</a><br /></span></p><div class="cm-entry-summary"><div class="cm-entry-summary">
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<span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: small;"><em>Čtvrtý díl série článků podrobně popisující Afriku. Aneb, co by měl o Africe vědět středoškolák IV.<br />
Přehled o tom, jak okolní svět objevoval Afriku. Objevitelské výpravy
jsou podrobněji popsány zejména z pohledu Evropana, jelikož tyto výpravy
předcházely vzniku kolonií. Dále jsou zde uvedeny – první zmínky o
Africe, vznik jejího jména a vůbec první expedice kolem Afriky, tj.
začátek objevování pobřeží Afriky a postupné cesty do nitra kontinentu a
samozřejmě i Češi v Africe.</em></span>
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<div><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: small;"> </span></div><div><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: small;"><b style="color: red;"><span>Objevitelské cesty</span></b></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: small;"><span><br /> Afrika pro nás Evropany zůstávala po dlouhou dobu
neprobádaným a neobjeveným kontinentem. Hlavní měrou se na tom podílely
nepříznivé <a href="https://www-afrikaonline-cz.translate.goog/zakladni-fyzicko-geograficka-charakteristika-afriky/?_x_tr_sl=cs&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en&_x_tr_pto=sc">fyzicko-geografické poměry Afriky</a>
– malá členitost pobřeží bez větších možností přistávání lodí,
nepřístupné vnitrozemí spolu s nevhodnými klimatickými podmínkami
(pouště a pralesy) a nesplavnost velkých řek. Objevování Afriky
zastavila též arabská invaze a rozšíření islámu v severní části Afriky.
Evropané tak byli nuceni objevovat dalekou jižní část kontinentu.
Hlavním motivem objevitelských cest byly obchodní a koloniální zájmy a
dobývání území.<br /> Přes uvedené první evropští objevitelé byli příkladem osobní statečnosti a zanícení vědci. </span></span>
</div>
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<span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: small;"><span><br /> Prvními Evropany, kteří dorazili do Afriky byli Řekové, kteří se o Africe dozvěděli pravděpodobně od Féničanů <em>(Féničané byli semitský kmen, který osídlil krajinu podél pobřeží Syropalestinské oblasti.)</em>, kteří od roku 900 př. n. l. obchodovali s Berbery od dnešního Maroka po dnešní Libyi. Pronikli až za Gibraltarský průliv k <a href="https://www-afrikaonline-cz.translate.goog/souostrovi-madeira-arquipelago-da-madeira-ilhas-da-madeira/?_x_tr_sl=cs&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en&_x_tr_pto=sc">souostroví Madeira</a>.
V 5 století př. n. l. řecký dějepisec Herodot uvádí, že o století dříve
Féničané obepluli celou Afriku na příkaz egyptského faraona Neka. Cestu
započali v Rudém moři a během tří let se vrátili do Egypta od západu.<br />
Řekové založili první osady v Africe okolo 7. st. př. n. l. v oblasti
východní Libye a Libyí nazývali i kontinent a oblasti delty Nilu. Na
svých objevných či obchodních trasách poznali Egypt, Etiopii i Fénickou
část Afriky. I Řekové se pokusili obeplout Afriku. Výpravu vedl Eudoxus.
Výsledek výpravy je nejasný.<br /> Objevné cesty po Africe vykonali i
Kartagiňané. Kolem roku 470 př. n. l. pod vedením vojevůdce Hannona
objevovali celé západní pobřeží a pravděpodobně došli až do Guinejského
zálivu k hoře Kamerun.<br /> Dalšími neafričany, kteří objevovali kontinent, byli Peršané <em>(pod vedením prince Setaspese)</em>, kteří se prý dostali též do oblasti Guinejského zálivu.<br /> Nesmíme však zapomenout na Indy, kteří od 1 tisíciletí př. n. l. objevovali východní pobřeží Afriky. </span></span>
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<div class="ngg-gallery-singlepic-image "> <a class="ngg-simplelightbox" data-description="Ptolemaiova mapa" data-image-id="1732" data-src="https://www.afrikaonline.cz/wp-content/gallery/mapy-a-kartogramy/Claudius_Ptolemy.jpg" data-thumbnail="https://www.afrikaonline.cz/wp-content/gallery/mapy-a-kartogramy/thumbs/thumbs_Claudius_Ptolemy.jpg" data-title="Ptolemaiova mapa r.141" href="https://www-afrikaonline-cz.translate.goog/wp-content/gallery/mapy-a-kartogramy/Claudius_Ptolemy.jpg?_x_tr_sl=cs&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en&_x_tr_pto=sc" rel="82669e66b8b38e2dc3e5e3e6eebf5c14" target="_self" title="Ptolemaiova mapa"> <img alt="Ptolemaiova mapa r.141" class="ngg-singlepic" height="461" src="https://www.afrikaonline.cz/wp-content/gallery/mapy-a-kartogramy/cache/Claudius_Ptolemy.jpg-nggid041732-ngg0dyn-0x0x100-00f0w010c010r110f110r010t010.jpg" title="Ptolemaiova mapa r.141" width="640" /> </a>
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<span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: small;"><span><br /> Nadvládu Řecka a Kartága ve Středozemí nahradil Řím, který postupně obsadil celé území severní Afriky a dolního Egypta. <em><strong>Římanův vděčíme za název kontinentu</strong></em>.
Původně tak nazývali oblast okolo Kartága a později označení přešlo na
celý kontinent. První velkou objevnou výpravu uskutečnili Římané roku
60, kdy se vydali hledat prameny Nilu. Dva centurioni pronikli až k ústí
Bahr al-Chazálu, kde jim další cestu přerušily plovoucí ostrovy. Další
zajímavou výpravu podnikl kupec Diogenes, který přinesl zprávu o velkých
jezerech, pramenu Bílého <a href="https://www-afrikaonline-cz.translate.goog/nil-bahr-al-nil/?_x_tr_sl=cs&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en&_x_tr_pto=sc">Nilu</a> a „Měsíčních horách“ pokrytých sněhem. </span></span>
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<span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: small;"><span><br /> Po rozpadu Říma a následné Arabské kolonizaci
Afriky se na znalosti o kontinentu zapomnělo. Poznatky o Africe
přicházeli z arabské geografie, která nejprve zaznamenala předchozí
znalosti a následně i vlastní výzkum, který nejprve zpřesnil geografické
poznatky o severní Africe a jejím východním pobřežím. Největším
cestovatelem středověku se stal <em><strong>Muhammad ibn Abdaláh ibn Battúta</strong></em> (1304-1377), který během třiceti let procestoval velkou část Asie a Afriky (od Senegalu po <a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=cs&tl=en&hl=en&prev=search&u=http://unguja.cz/">Zanzibar</a>). </span></span>
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<span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: small;"><span><br /> <a href="https://www-afrikaonline-cz.translate.goog/historie-otroctvi-v-africe-i/?_x_tr_sl=cs&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en&_x_tr_pto=sc">Obchod s otroky</a> a slonovinou zavedl Araby až k řece Zambezi. Povědomí měli i o Madagaskaru.<br /> Evropané svou pozornost na Afriku obrátili až koncem středověku. </span></span>
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<span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: small;"><span><br /> Ve 13. století začali západní Afriku objevovat italští mořeplavci, kteří znovuobjevili Kanárské ostrovy a Madeiru.<br /> Hlavní zásluha na znovuobjevování Afriky patří princi <em><strong>Jindřichu Plavcovi (Enrique)</strong></em>, který důsledně plánoval portugalské výpravy kolem Afriky do Indie a chtěl získat spojenectví <em>„krále Jana“</em>
panovníka křesťanské Etiopie v tažení proti Islámu. Roku 1415 dobyl
Ceutu, aby zajistil Gibraltarský průplav a od roku 1416 každoročně
vysílal lodě kolem západního pobřeží Afriky. Podstupovali však velmi
pomalu, po dvaceti letech dosáhli mysu Bajador (Búdždúr). V roce 1441
dosáhli Bílého mysu, kde se poprvé setkali s černochy. Roku 1446 stanuli
na Zeleném mysu, tj. nejzápadnějšího bodu kontinentální Afriky. V roce
1448 založili Portugalci první osadu na Bílém mysu. Po smrti Jindřicha
Plavce Portugalci zjistili, že se Afrika za ostrovy Póo stáčí k jihu.</span></span>
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<span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: small;"><span><br /> Nové cesty začaly od roku 1482, kdy vznikla na
tehdejším Zlatém Pobřeží (Ghana) pevnost Fort Mina a portugalské lodi
zde byly trvale umístěny. Jižní cíp Afriky dokázal v letech 1487-1488
obeplout <em><strong>Bartolomeo Diaz</strong></em>. Rozluštění cesty do Indie přišlo v letech 1497-1498, kdy <em><strong>Vasco de Gama</strong></em>
z jižní Afriky podél východoafrického pobřeží dorazil za pomoci
arabských lodivodů do Přední Indie. V roce 1506 objevili Portugalci
Madagaskar, který nazvali ostrovem sv. Vavřince.<br /> <em>(Ve stejné době objevovala Afriku i Čína. Čínský mořeplavec <strong>Čeng Che</strong>
(Zheng He) při své páté objevitelské cestě (1417-19) navštívil Egypt a
východoafrické pobřeží. Při následující výpravě (1421-22) Čeng Che znovu
doplul až do dnešního Somálska a z výpravy přivezl císaři <a href="https://www-afrikaonline-cz.translate.goog/zirafa-giraffa-camelopardalis/?_x_tr_sl=cs&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en&_x_tr_pto=sc">žirafu</a>. Poslední výpravu Číny ke břehům Afriky Čeng Che uskutečnil roku 1431</em>.) </span></span>
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<div class="ngg-gallery-singlepic-image "> <a class="ngg-simplelightbox" data-description="Čínská mapa světa (Mapa čtyř moří) vytvořená 1723-1730" data-image-id="1733" data-src="https://www.afrikaonline.cz/wp-content/gallery/mapy-a-kartogramy/mapa-%C4%8Dty%C5%99-mo%C5%99%C3%AD.jpg" data-thumbnail="https://www.afrikaonline.cz/wp-content/gallery/mapy-a-kartogramy/thumbs/thumbs_mapa-%C4%8Dty%C5%99-mo%C5%99%C3%AD.jpg" data-title="Čínská mapa světa (Mapa čtyř moří) vytvořená r.1723-1730" href="https://www-afrikaonline-cz.translate.goog/wp-content/gallery/mapy-a-kartogramy/mapa-%C4%8Dty%C5%99-mo%C5%99%C3%AD.jpg?_x_tr_sl=cs&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en&_x_tr_pto=sc" rel="6c355da46175895bc11926ad7e0c21a0" target="_self" title="Čínská mapa světa (Mapa čtyř moří) vytvořená 1723-1730"> <img alt="Čínská mapa světa (Mapa čtyř moří) vytvořená r.1723-1730" class="ngg-singlepic" height="615" src="https://www.afrikaonline.cz/wp-content/gallery/mapy-a-kartogramy/cache/mapa-%C4%8Dty%C5%99-mo%C5%99%C3%AD.jpg-nggid041733-ngg0dyn-0x0x100-00f0w010c010r110f110r010t010.jpg" title="Čínská mapa světa (Mapa čtyř moří) vytvořená r.1723-1730" width="640" /> </a>
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<span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: small;"><span><br /> První cestou do Indie bylo ukončeno objevování
afrických břehů jako celku. Vnitrozemí nebylo prozkoumané, bylo známo
pouze obchodním centrum Sahelu (Timbuktu), Egypt a Súdán. Soupeření mezi
Portugalci a Španěly, kteří získávali bohatství z Ameriky, odsunulo
objevování Afriky na dlouhá století. Portugalci pouze zpřesňovali
znalosti o pobřeží a ostrovech na svých obchodních cestách do Indie.
Africké přístavy sloužily jako zastávky na cestě do Indie a k obchodu s
otroky, slonovinou, zlatem a pepřem. Navíc začali Portugalci v Africe
ustupovat i jiným evropským mocnostem – Anglii, Francii, Holandsku i
Španělům.</span></span>
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<div class="ngg-gallery-singlepic-image "> <a class="ngg-simplelightbox" data-description="Thomsonova mapa r.1813" data-image-id="1734" data-src="https://www.afrikaonline.cz/wp-content/gallery/mapy-a-kartogramy/1813_Thomsonova_mapa.jpg" data-thumbnail="https://www.afrikaonline.cz/wp-content/gallery/mapy-a-kartogramy/thumbs/thumbs_1813_Thomsonova_mapa.jpg" data-title="Thomsonova mapa r.1813" href="https://www-afrikaonline-cz.translate.goog/wp-content/gallery/mapy-a-kartogramy/1813_Thomsonova_mapa.jpg?_x_tr_sl=cs&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en&_x_tr_pto=sc" rel="0067217fcabc2779c6b1b82d51f293fd" target="_self" title="Thomsonova mapa r.1813"> <img alt="Thomsonova mapa r.1813" class="ngg-singlepic" height="566" src="https://www.afrikaonline.cz/wp-content/gallery/mapy-a-kartogramy/cache/1813_Thomsonova_mapa.jpg-nggid041734-ngg0dyn-0x0x100-00f0w010c010r110f110r010t010.jpg" title="Thomsonova mapa r.1813" width="640" /> </a>
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<span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: small;"><span><br /> Francouzská zeměpisná společnost (Francie) též
chtěla znát nezodpovězené otázky o geografii západní Afriky. O jejich
cestách se můžete dočíst v sérii článků – <a href="https://www-afrikaonline-cz.translate.goog/francouzi-na-hornim-nigru-i/?_x_tr_sl=cs&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en&_x_tr_pto=sc">Francouzi na horním Nigru</a>. Francie obsadila západní Afriku v oblasti Senegambie (první osada byla založena v roce 1623). </span></span>
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<span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: small;"><span><br /> V roce 1652 založili Holanďané Kapskou kolonii,
osadníci do konce 18. století postupně obsadili region nejjižnější části
Afriky po řeku Orange. </span></span>
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<span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: small;"><span><br /> Z východního pobřeží Portugalci pronikali podél
řeky Zambezi do vnitrozemí a dostali se i do Etiopie k jezeru Tana.
Oblast jezera Tana o dvě století později zmapoval přírodovědec českého
původu<a href="https://www-afrikaonline-cz.translate.goog/antonin-stecker/?_x_tr_sl=cs&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en&_x_tr_pto=sc"> Antonín Stecker</a>. </span></span>
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<span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: small;"><span><br /> Dalším předělem v objevování Afriky bylo založení
Africké společnosti v Londýně v roce 1788, která měla za cíl podrobný
průzkum vnitrozemí Afriky. Kromě vědecké činnosti byla i předzvěstí
koloniální expanze. Velká Británie viděla v Africe nové trhy a laciné
suroviny, které jí po odtržení severoamerických osad chyběly.</span></span>
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<span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: small;"><span>První výpravy Africká společnost organizovala do
povodí řeky Niger (Mungo Park 1794-1797 a 1805-1806) a přechody přes
Saharu z Tripolisu. První cestovatelé na nich většinou zahynuli. </span></span>
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<span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: small;"><span>Z prvních anglických cest po západní Africe a Sahaře
stojí za pozornost zejména výprava Oudeneyova, která rozluštila
tajemství Nigeru. </span></span>
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<div class="ngg-gallery-singlepic-image "> <span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: small;"><a class="ngg-simplelightbox" data-description="První výpravy k řece Niger" data-image-id="1735" data-src="https://www.afrikaonline.cz/wp-content/gallery/mapy-a-kartogramy/Niger_vypravy.jpg" data-thumbnail="https://www.afrikaonline.cz/wp-content/gallery/mapy-a-kartogramy/thumbs/thumbs_Niger_vypravy.jpg" data-title="První výpravy k řece Niger" href="https://www-afrikaonline-cz.translate.goog/wp-content/gallery/mapy-a-kartogramy/Niger_vypravy.jpg?_x_tr_sl=cs&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en&_x_tr_pto=sc" rel="3aaa7b26c7acab333eecd038a2437b5a" target="_self" title="První výpravy k řece Niger"> <img alt="První výpravy k řece Niger" class="ngg-singlepic" height="640" src="https://www.afrikaonline.cz/wp-content/gallery/mapy-a-kartogramy/cache/Niger_vypravy.jpg-nggid041735-ngg0dyn-0x0x100-00f0w010c010r110f110r010t010.jpg" title="První výpravy k řece Niger" width="597" /> </a></span>
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<span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: small;"><span><br /> Objevování jižní a jihozápadní Afriky dělalo
daleko menší potíže než tropická Afrika, přesto objevování nebylo ani
tak jednoduché. Největší zásluhu na prozkoumání regionu má <a href="https://www-afrikaonline-cz.translate.goog/david-livingstone-1813-1873/?_x_tr_sl=cs&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en&_x_tr_pto=sc">David Livingstone</a> (1813-1873). </span></span>
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<div class="ngg-gallery-singlepic-image "> <a class="ngg-simplelightbox" data-description="Cesty Livinstona" data-image-id="1736" data-src="https://www.afrikaonline.cz/wp-content/gallery/mapy-a-kartogramy/Livigstone_vypravy.jpg" data-thumbnail="https://www.afrikaonline.cz/wp-content/gallery/mapy-a-kartogramy/thumbs/thumbs_Livigstone_vypravy.jpg" data-title="Cesty Livinstona" href="https://www-afrikaonline-cz.translate.goog/wp-content/gallery/mapy-a-kartogramy/Livigstone_vypravy.jpg?_x_tr_sl=cs&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en&_x_tr_pto=sc" rel="3be19b986177b1a298fc55edef85dce9" target="_self" title="Cesty Livinstona"> <img alt="Cesty Livinstona" class="ngg-singlepic" height="334" src="https://www.afrikaonline.cz/wp-content/gallery/mapy-a-kartogramy/cache/Livigstone_vypravy.jpg-nggid041736-ngg0dyn-0x0x100-00f0w010c010r110f110r010t010.jpg" title="Cesty Livinstona" width="400" /> </a>
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<span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: small;"><span><br /> Portugalcům se také podařilo uskutečnit dvě velké
výpravy napříč jižní Afrikou. Serpa Pinto prošel v letech 1877 – 1879 z
Benguely přes Zambezi, východní Botswanu, Pretorii k Indickému oceánu. V
letech 1778 – 1779 pak Capello a Ivens prozkoumali oblasti Kwanza a
Kwanga, přešli horní toky Lualaby a Luapuly k <a href="https://www-afrikaonline-cz.translate.goog/bangweulu-tam-kde-se-potkava-nebe-a-voda/?_x_tr_sl=cs&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en&_x_tr_pto=sc">jezeru Bangweulu</a> (Bangwelu) a při <a href="https://www-afrikaonline-cz.translate.goog/zambezi/?_x_tr_sl=cs&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en&_x_tr_pto=sc">Zambezi</a> do Quelimane (Mozambik).</span></span>
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<span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: small;"><span><br /> Přesto průzkumy vnitrozemí jižní Afriky prováděli
hlavně němečtí a finští misionáři, z nichž jmenujme Georga Hartmanna
(1893-1907). </span></span>
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<span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: small;"><span><br /> Své výzkumné expedice v Africe mělo i Německo,
soustředilo se zprvu na okolí Čadského jezera a Sahary (Heinrich Barth
(1821-1865)) a řeky Benue. Velkou cestu vykonal i Gerhard Rohlfs, který
během své cesty prošel napříč Afrikou. Na jedné cestě, kde ho doprovázel
Antonín Stecker, došli až do Kuferských oáz, kde však byli napadeni
Senúsy a stěží si zachránili vlastní životy. Velkým německým
cestovatelem byl i Gustav Nachtingal, který prošel kraj z Timbuktu k
Čadskému jezeru, navštívil masív Tibesti, jako první prošel Wadaj,
Darfúr i Kordofán a svou pouť zakončil v Káhiře. O své cestě vydal
třídílný cestopis Sahara a Súdán. Později sloužil ve službách koloniální
správy v Togu a Kamerunu. </span></span>
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<div class="ngg-gallery-singlepic-image "> <span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: small;"><a class="ngg-simplelightbox" data-description="Murray r.1853" data-image-id="1737" data-src="https://www.afrikaonline.cz/wp-content/gallery/mapy-a-kartogramy/1853_Murray.jpg" data-thumbnail="https://www.afrikaonline.cz/wp-content/gallery/mapy-a-kartogramy/thumbs/thumbs_1853_Murray.jpg" data-title="Murray r.1853" href="https://www-afrikaonline-cz.translate.goog/wp-content/gallery/mapy-a-kartogramy/1853_Murray.jpg?_x_tr_sl=cs&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en&_x_tr_pto=sc" rel="c68a75af8ee34069c9f66c460a09d2f8" target="_self" title="Murray r.1853"> <img alt="Murray r.1853" class="ngg-singlepic" height="640" src="https://www.afrikaonline.cz/wp-content/gallery/mapy-a-kartogramy/cache/1853_Murray.jpg-nggid041737-ngg0dyn-0x0x100-00f0w010c010r110f110r010t010.jpg" title="Murray r.1853" width="459" /> </a></span>
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<span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: small;"><span><br /> Francouz Alfred Grandidier v roce 1865 zahájil
soustavný průzkum ostrova Madagaskar, ve kterém Francouzi pokračovali
zejména po roce 1886, kdy se ostrov dostal pod jejich vliv.<br /> V roce 1889 vystoupal Hans Meyer jako první Evropan na vrchol <a href="https://www-afrikaonline-cz.translate.goog/kilimandzaro/?_x_tr_sl=cs&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en&_x_tr_pto=sc">Kilimandžára</a>.
O deset let později vystoupil na vrchol Mount Keni Angličan Mackinder.
Pohoří Ruwenzori bylo zdoláno v roce 1906 výpravou vévody Abruzzského.<br /> Velkou výpravu jižní Afrikou uspořádal i americký deník New York Herald, který vyslal <a href="https://www-afrikaonline-cz.translate.goog/h-m-stanley-objevitel-livingstona/?_x_tr_sl=cs&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en&_x_tr_pto=sc">Henriho Mortona Stenleyho</a>, aby našel Livingstonovu výpravu. Po jeho nalezení objasnili, že <a href="https://www-afrikaonline-cz.translate.goog/jezero-tanganika-tanganyika/?_x_tr_sl=cs&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en&_x_tr_pto=sc">jezero Tanganika</a> nenáleží do povodí Nilu. <em>Že jezero patří do povodí Konga objasnil Cameron (1887), který vedl jinou výpravu hledající Livingstona</em>.<br />
V roce 1884 vyšel Stenley na druhou výpravu východní Afrikou k
Viktoriinu jezeru a Ruwenzori a splul řeku Kongo. Jeho cesta měla velký
dopad na koloniální zájmy. Po této cestě se řada badatelů zaměřila na
jižní přítoky Konga. Nejúspěšnější byl Hermann Wissmann, který prošel
(1880-1882) povodí Kasaje přes Lomani, Tanganiku k východnímu pobřeží.<br /> </span><span>Pramen Nilu – řeku Kageru – prozkoumal v roce 1893 Oskar Baumann.</span></span>
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<span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: small;"><span><br /> Důležitý objev uskutečnila výprava v letech 1886 –
1889 Telekiho a Hohnela, kteří objevili neznámá jezera Rudolfovo
(Turkana) a Štěpánčino (Chew Bahir). Další výpravy objasnily prameny řek
Webi Šebeli a Džuby a tím i v hlavních rysech území mezi Nilem a
Indickým oceánem. </span></span>
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<div class="ngg-gallery-singlepic-image "> <a class="ngg-simplelightbox" data-description="Meyers r.1888" data-image-id="1738" data-src="https://www.afrikaonline.cz/wp-content/gallery/mapy-a-kartogramy/1888_Meyers.jpg" data-thumbnail="https://www.afrikaonline.cz/wp-content/gallery/mapy-a-kartogramy/thumbs/thumbs_1888_Meyers.jpg" data-title="Meyers r.1888" href="https://www-afrikaonline-cz.translate.goog/wp-content/gallery/mapy-a-kartogramy/1888_Meyers.jpg?_x_tr_sl=cs&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en&_x_tr_pto=sc" rel="ebbf463e8a611c63f3d0bbb7f6692f20" target="_self" title="Meyers r.1888"> <img alt="Meyers r.1888" class="ngg-singlepic" height="640" src="https://www.afrikaonline.cz/wp-content/gallery/mapy-a-kartogramy/cache/1888_Meyers.jpg-nggid041738-ngg0dyn-0x0x100-00f0w010c010r110f110r010t010.jpg" title="Meyers r.1888" width="521" /> </a>
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<span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: small;"><span><br /> Následné intenzivní objevování Afriky již bylo spojeno s <a href="https://www-afrikaonline-cz.translate.goog/kolonialismus-v-africe/?_x_tr_sl=cs&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en&_x_tr_pto=sc">dobýváním a získáváním kolonií</a>. </span></span>
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<div><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: small;"><span> </span></span></div><div><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: small;"><b><span><span style="color: red;">Češi v Africe</span></span></b></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: small;"><span><br /> První cesty Čechů do Afriky byly spojeny s výpravami do Svaté země. První byl <em><strong>Bohuslav Hasištejnský z Lobkovic</strong></em>,
který v letech 1490-1491 přišel do Egypta a Tuniska. V následujícím
roce se do Egypta dostal Martin Kabátník z Litomyšle. O století později
navštívil egyptskou Alexandrii a Suez Kryštof Harant z Polžic a
Bezdružic. </span></span>
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<span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: small;"><span><br /> V 17. a 18. století podnikali cesty do Afriky misionáři. Teprve od 19. století měly výpravy vědecký charakter. </span></span>
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<span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: small;"><span><br /> Prvním byl již výše uvedený <strong><em>dr. Antonín Stecker</em></strong> – severovýchodní a severozápadní Afrika. Jiným známým cestovatelem po severozápadní Africe byl <em><strong>Enriko Stanko Vráz</strong> </em>(1860-1932),
který v letech 1880-1883 cestoval po Maroku a západní Sahaře, a pak
západní Africe a zemích Horní Guineji i na Kanárských ostrovech. V
letech 1931, 1937 a 1947 cestoval po severní cestovatel a romanopisec <em><strong>Jaroslav R. Vávra</strong></em>.<br /> S výzkumem jižní Afriky je spojeno jméno <em><a href="https://www-afrikaonline-cz.translate.goog/emil-holub/?_x_tr_sl=cs&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en&_x_tr_pto=sc"><strong>dr. Emila Holuba</strong></a></em>, který prošel Transvaalem, Botswanou k hornímu toku Zambezi a při druhé cestě zmapoval <a href="https://www-afrikaonline-cz.translate.goog/viktoriiny-vodopady/?_x_tr_sl=cs&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en&_x_tr_pto=sc">Viktoriiny vodopády</a>. </span></span>
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<span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: small;"><span><br /> V rovníkových oblastech a na řece Zambezi cestoval <em><strong>Dr. Pavel Šebesta</strong></em>, který vynikl výzkumem Pygmejů v pralesích Konga.<br /> V roce 1927 cestoval po západní Africe <em><strong>dr. A. Pilát</strong></em> s dr. <em><strong>J. Baumem</strong> </em>(cestoval i v jihovýchodní Africe).</span></span>
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<span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: small;"><span><br /> Jako první Češi odshora dolů projeli v roce 1931 sochař <em><strong>František Vladimír Foit</strong></em> (od roku 1947 cestoval po Africe s manželkou Irenou a to rovných 24 let!) s již zmíněným přírodovědcem <em><strong>Jiřím Baumem</strong></em>. <em><strong>František Alexander Elstner</strong> </em>projel Saharu za 22 dní od severu k jihu a zpět – sportovní výkon.</span></span>
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<span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: small;"><span><br /> V severovýchodní Africe podnikali safari a výzkumy <em><strong>Richard Storch</strong></em>, <em><strong>Bedřich Machulka</strong></em> a <em><strong>Vilém Němec</strong></em>.</span></span>
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<span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: small;"><span><br /> V letech 1947 až 1948 podnikli cestu skrz Afriku <em><strong>Jiří Hanzelka</strong></em> s <em><strong>Miroslav Zikmund</strong></em>.</span></span>
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<span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: small;"><span><br /> Samozřejmě tím výčet nekončí, známé jsou například lovecké výpravy <em><strong>Josefa Vágnera</strong></em>, expedice Lambarene či Živá Afrika, ale hodnocení historie necháme budoucím ….</span></span>
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<div class="yarpp yarpp-related yarpp-related-website yarpp-template-list"><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: small;"> </span></div><div class="yarpp yarpp-related yarpp-related-website yarpp-template-list"><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: small;"><b><span style="color: #04ff00;">Související články:
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</div>
</div></div>ΝΕΚΡΟΣ ΓΙΑ ΤΟΝ ΚΟΣΜΟhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/02509837341423212543noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2056303034280009991.post-49510625774875777312023-06-30T03:47:00.004-07:002023-06-30T03:47:54.016-07:00Εκοιμήθη ο Μητροπολίτης Νιγηρίας Αλέξανδρος<p><br /></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: small;"></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: small;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEis-NHcWQwwNIpH5Y2NsWH5HwRLG3qwm4bF1UL6wE4vh8XXE0iFM30SsHgRdbUOETioonLjALlpZM1M7g9G5xEUWsBbJEVjO0jp-eCv2EmTcm5aPkAS07By6SBswh2uXlJQs8pq1nnM9ydi0lMb-oTZLmMcxxLGksGZM4UY-bIbfYTlW3Utz2XRKk5HQvI/s967/%CE%9D%CE%B9%CE%B3%CE%B7%CF%81%CE%AF%CE%B1%CF%82%20%CE%91%CE%BB%CE%AD%CE%BE%CE%B1%CE%BD%CE%B4%CF%81%CE%BF%CF%82.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="618" data-original-width="967" height="205" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEis-NHcWQwwNIpH5Y2NsWH5HwRLG3qwm4bF1UL6wE4vh8XXE0iFM30SsHgRdbUOETioonLjALlpZM1M7g9G5xEUWsBbJEVjO0jp-eCv2EmTcm5aPkAS07By6SBswh2uXlJQs8pq1nnM9ydi0lMb-oTZLmMcxxLGksGZM4UY-bIbfYTlW3Utz2XRKk5HQvI/s320/%CE%9D%CE%B9%CE%B3%CE%B7%CF%81%CE%AF%CE%B1%CF%82%20%CE%91%CE%BB%CE%AD%CE%BE%CE%B1%CE%BD%CE%B4%CF%81%CE%BF%CF%82.jpg" width="320" /></a></span></div><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: small;"><br /><a href="https://www.orthodoxianewsagency.gr/patriarxeia/patriarxio_aleksandrias/ekoimithi-o-mitropolitis-nigirias-aleksandros/">orthodoxianewsagency.gr</a> <br /></span><p></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: small;">Εκοιμήθη εν Κυρίω ο <a href="https://www.orthodoxianewsagency.gr/?s=%CE%9C%CE%B7%CF%84%CF%81%CE%BF%CF%80%CE%BF%CE%BB%CE%AF%CF%84%CE%B7%CF%82+%CE%9D%CE%B9%CE%B3%CE%B7%CF%81%CE%AF%CE%B1%CF%82+%CE%91%CE%BB%CE%AD%CE%BE%CE%B1%CE%BD%CE%B4%CF%81%CE%BF%CF%82+" rel="noopener" target="_blank">Μητροπολίτης Νιγηρίας Αλέξανδρος</a> Γιαννίρης. Ο μακαριστός Ιεράρχης της Αλεξανδρινής Εκκλησίας αντιμετώπιζε προβλήματα υγείας δίνοντας μάχη με τον καρκίνο.</span></p>
<p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: small;"><i>“Τούτη την περίοδο κατά την οποία κι εγώ δίνω τον δικό μου αγώνα
με την ασθένεια αυτή, απευθύνομαι σε όλους τους συν-ασθενείς γιά να
ευχηθώ ο Κύριος με τις πρεσβείς των Αγίων μας, να χαρίζει δύναμη
σωματική και ψυχική σε όλους μας. Και ποτέ να μην λησμονούμε ότι
“γεννηθήτω το θέλημα Του”, </i>είχε γράψει ο ίδιος πριν λίγους μήνες με αφορμή την Παγκόσμια Ημέρα κατά του Καρκίνου.</span></p>
<p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: small;">Αύριο, <b>Σάββατο 1 Ιουλίου, στις 12 το μεσημέρι,</b> στο Ιερό Ησυχαστήριο Μεταμορφώσεως του Σωτήρος (Αγίου Πορφυρίου) στο Μήλεση Αττικής θα τελεσθεί η <b>Εξόδιος Ακολουθία</b> και η ταφή, όπως ανακοίνωσε το Πατριαρχείο Αλεξανδρείας και πάσης Αφρικής.</span></p>
<p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: small;">Ο μακαριστός Μητροπολίτης κυρός Αλέξανδρος σε παλαιότερη συνέντευξή του είχε μιλήσει στην <a href="https://www.pemptousia.gr/new_videothiki-2/?subject=%ce%bd%ce%b9%ce%b3%ce%b7%cf%81%ce%af%ce%b1" rel="noopener" target="_blank"><b>Πεμπτουσία</b></a> για την Εκκλησία στην Νιγηρία και τις συνθήκες διακονίας και ποιμαντικής.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: small;"><b style="color: #04ff00;">Ποιος ήταν ο Μητροπολίτης Αλέξανδρος</b></span></p>
<p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: small;">Ο Μητροπολίτης Νιγηρίας, Yπέρτιμος και Έξαρχος Κόλπου Γουϊνέας
Αλέξανδρος (κατά κόσμον Γεώργιος Γιαννίρης) εγεννήθη στην Αθήνα το έτος
1960. Είναι πτυχιούχος του Τμήματος Ποιμαντικής και Κοινωνικής Θεολογίας
του Πανεπιστημίου της Θεσσαλονίκης. Ενετάχθη στον κλήρο του
Πατριαρχείου Αλεξανδρείας, χειροτονηθείς Διάκονος την 1η και Πρεσβύτερος
την 2α Οκτωβρίου 1988. Από της χειροτονίας του υπηρετήσε στην Ιερά
Μητρόπολη Ιωαννουπόλεως και Πρετορίας ως Προϊστάμενος του Πατριαρχικού
Ναού των Αγίων Αναργύρων και Γραμματεύς της Μητροπόλεως. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: small;">Εξέδωσε το
δίγλωσσο περιοδικό «Ορθόδοξη προσέγγιση» και ήταν υπεύθυνος των
ραδιοφωνικών εκπομπών της Μητροπόλεως. Διετέλεσε μέλος του
Νοτιοαφρικανικού Ινστιτούτου Βυζαντινών και Νεοελληνικών μελετών. Τον
Απρίλιο του 1997, διωρίσθη Διευθυντής του Ιδιαιτέρου Πατριαρχικού
Γραφείου. Επίσκοπος Νιγηρίας εξελέγη την 23η Σεπτεμβρίου 1997,
χειροτονηθείς από τον μακαριστό Πατριάρχη Αλεξανδρείας κυρό Πέτρο Ζ’ την
24ην Νοεμβρίου 1997. Την 27η Οκτωβρίου 2004 η Ιερά Επισκοπή Νιγηρίας
ανυψώθη σε Μητρόπολη.</span></p>
<p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: small;">Η Ιερά Μητρόπολη Νιγηρίας ιδρύθηκε διά Πατριαρχικού και Συνοδικού
Τόμου το έτος 1997 κατ’ αρχήν ως Ιερά Επισκοπή Νιγηρίας. Τον Οκτώβριο
του έτους 2004 ανυψώθηκε σε Μητρόπολη.</span></p>
<p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: small;">Στην πνευματική της δικαιοδοσία περιλαμβάνει τα κράτη Νιγηρία, Νίγηρα, Μπενίν και Τόγκο.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: small;"><span style="color: #ffa400;">Παρακαλώ, επισκεφθείτε: <a dir="ltr" href="http://grforafrica.blogspot.com/search/label/Orthodox%20Nigeria">Orthodox Nigeria</a>, <a dir="ltr" href="http://grforafrica.blogspot.com/search/label/Orthodox%20Benin">Orthodox Benin</a>, <a dir="ltr" href="http://grforafrica.blogspot.com/search/label/Orthodox%20Niger">Orthodox Niger</a>, <a dir="ltr" href="http://grforafrica.blogspot.com/search/label/Orthodox%20Togo">Orthodox Togo</a> </span></span></p><div style="text-align: left;">
<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span>
</span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span><a href="http://grforafrica.blogspot.gr/2016/07/the-orthodox-african-church.html"> Momentous statements by the Metropolitan Alexander of Nigeria, in the cadre of the Holy and Great Synod of the Orthodox Church</a></span></span></span></div><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: small;"><span style="color: #ffa400;"></span></span></p>
<span style="font-size: small;"><iframe allowfullscreen="" frameborder="0" height="470" mozallowfullscreen="" src="//player.vimeo.com/video/90656606?title=0&byline=0&portrait=0" webkitallowfullscreen="" width="836"></iframe></span>ΝΕΚΡΟΣ ΓΙΑ ΤΟΝ ΚΟΣΜΟhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/02509837341423212543noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2056303034280009991.post-67247280270659624652023-06-07T05:02:00.003-07:002023-06-07T05:02:33.535-07:00659 Kid Guns Africa Premium High Res Photos<p> </p><p></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg6abXiQVAyOBTUnoGXVDQYr0wKX9_Zk_xvPMStpJJR3_Fipg0hUzdTtQQ7QX50hc4Zz-V67j6bxUaJyptEaMAXKYvjFu5G8NcVfU2nio1Axh04acZACIc7mCJOKsb6DkNjJ5Rba5YTR0oRSKDFHLKUo1XFmG3cj2OLc3mSNs8Ac7Q74or2s2wFsclA/s612/%CE%91%CF%86%CF%81%CE%B9%CE%BA%CE%AE,%20%CF%80%CE%B1%CE%B9%CE%B4%CE%B9%CE%AC%20%CE%BA%CE%B1%CE%B9%20%CF%8C%CF%80%CE%BB%CE%B1%201.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="406" data-original-width="612" height="212" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg6abXiQVAyOBTUnoGXVDQYr0wKX9_Zk_xvPMStpJJR3_Fipg0hUzdTtQQ7QX50hc4Zz-V67j6bxUaJyptEaMAXKYvjFu5G8NcVfU2nio1Axh04acZACIc7mCJOKsb6DkNjJ5Rba5YTR0oRSKDFHLKUo1XFmG3cj2OLc3mSNs8Ac7Q74or2s2wFsclA/s320/%CE%91%CF%86%CF%81%CE%B9%CE%BA%CE%AE,%20%CF%80%CE%B1%CE%B9%CE%B4%CE%B9%CE%AC%20%CE%BA%CE%B1%CE%B9%20%CF%8C%CF%80%CE%BB%CE%B1%201.jpg" width="320" /></a></div><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEipO2rc5YXk371K7x0kNcEFh-VzUvxj8G77kFVthiK-0z-MGi6pk9hbv4131z7CBl9R6TW9QycGYE16If81s4Lr_T-0jSp-dNj94Z9yymmEOwbY71KP7lW3djL4wIaWv1CKh0NmTDEl6SRM0nWBB0K8ZaUK-MPlgzVU1coPtVngRI0a-5UjHfQ-7rpQ/s612/%CE%91%CF%86%CF%81%CE%B9%CE%BA%CE%AE,%20%CF%80%CE%B1%CE%B9%CE%B4%CE%B9%CE%AC%20%CE%BA%CE%B1%CE%B9%20%CF%8C%CF%80%CE%BB%CE%B1%202.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="409" data-original-width="612" height="214" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEipO2rc5YXk371K7x0kNcEFh-VzUvxj8G77kFVthiK-0z-MGi6pk9hbv4131z7CBl9R6TW9QycGYE16If81s4Lr_T-0jSp-dNj94Z9yymmEOwbY71KP7lW3djL4wIaWv1CKh0NmTDEl6SRM0nWBB0K8ZaUK-MPlgzVU1coPtVngRI0a-5UjHfQ-7rpQ/s320/%CE%91%CF%86%CF%81%CE%B9%CE%BA%CE%AE,%20%CF%80%CE%B1%CE%B9%CE%B4%CE%B9%CE%AC%20%CE%BA%CE%B1%CE%B9%20%CF%8C%CF%80%CE%BB%CE%B1%202.jpg" width="320" /></a></div><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgUJCMr5sQgxpDs6FFxNVexqmERW7jEeJ-HzAbkv2z1MkVHyyLBhBuNnnVPm3-SNO3HhkyHySaTxRXuVA-5jnb59ywKhdXxHg448FqaxR7NtIKG6yAVkXRcLCWCaBB7XVGZjIFD4HKP2DD10C5RrcMKcRIjI2lea3cjrh8tXdn-drlDAgZP90wcfL7Q/s612/%CE%91%CF%86%CF%81%CE%B9%CE%BA%CE%AE,%20%CF%80%CE%B1%CE%B9%CE%B4%CE%B9%CE%AC%20%CE%BA%CE%B1%CE%B9%20%CF%8C%CF%80%CE%BB%CE%B1%203.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="417" data-original-width="612" height="218" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgUJCMr5sQgxpDs6FFxNVexqmERW7jEeJ-HzAbkv2z1MkVHyyLBhBuNnnVPm3-SNO3HhkyHySaTxRXuVA-5jnb59ywKhdXxHg448FqaxR7NtIKG6yAVkXRcLCWCaBB7XVGZjIFD4HKP2DD10C5RrcMKcRIjI2lea3cjrh8tXdn-drlDAgZP90wcfL7Q/s320/%CE%91%CF%86%CF%81%CE%B9%CE%BA%CE%AE,%20%CF%80%CE%B1%CE%B9%CE%B4%CE%B9%CE%AC%20%CE%BA%CE%B1%CE%B9%20%CF%8C%CF%80%CE%BB%CE%B1%203.jpg" width="320" /></a></div> <div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhJep7oRjpIrvsHvF21Kke8fErf1dkWO5-QGYj65YaxfNGHFUd5TIDm7M8XYFjto4EFs6WhRQMJ-8fXkKFyRYeWvqk2HJTfIuQT9QF8ctiD1qT90lwnYwC-LyWXdgN3xB4jtBzR--F8MlA6OXb_VDu5JxItBkcZAwP_RrVjzLA4cRXGkrx8Ulldg86J/s612/gettyimages-76104525-612x612.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="418" data-original-width="612" height="219" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhJep7oRjpIrvsHvF21Kke8fErf1dkWO5-QGYj65YaxfNGHFUd5TIDm7M8XYFjto4EFs6WhRQMJ-8fXkKFyRYeWvqk2HJTfIuQT9QF8ctiD1qT90lwnYwC-LyWXdgN3xB4jtBzR--F8MlA6OXb_VDu5JxItBkcZAwP_RrVjzLA4cRXGkrx8Ulldg86J/s320/gettyimages-76104525-612x612.jpg" width="320" /></a></div><p></p><p><span style="color: #04ff00; font-family: georgia; font-size: medium;">More here: </span><span style="color: #04ff00; font-family: georgia; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="color: red; font-family: georgia; font-size: medium;"><a href="https://www.gettyimages.com/photos/kid-guns-africa">https://www.gettyimages.com/photos/kid-guns-africa</a></span></p><p><span style="font-family: georgia; font-size: medium;"><span style="color: #04ff00;">Please, see also:<br /></span></span></p><p>
<span style="font-family: georgia; font-size: medium;"><span style="color: #ffa400;"><a dir="ltr" href="http://grforafrica.blogspot.com/search/label/Child%20soldiers">Child soldiers</a>
<span dir="ltr">(tag)</span></span></span></p><p><span style="font-family: georgia; font-size: medium;"><span style="color: #ffa400;"><span dir="ltr"> </span></span></span>
</p>ΝΕΚΡΟΣ ΓΙΑ ΤΟΝ ΚΟΣΜΟhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/02509837341423212543noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2056303034280009991.post-44308652067873716832023-06-07T04:56:00.000-07:002023-06-07T04:56:05.637-07:00Saturday of Souls & Sunday of Pentecost in the Orthodox Church!<p><span style="font-size: medium;"> </span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: medium;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjtBqytxf1JVbayfALbgfEBGQaBiRsUcFSuM3CgtIS3mL4VZ_jDtU4mtHBIBgsfl9oZLaFM49wlRXveGju3vrt7OHUHxwwyv9-sL5iKCMao71mPClLAyvlhD9pbOnKzdPaSrTgxvx2Srk8/s1600/%25CE%2595%25CE%25B9%25CF%2583%25CE%25B2%25CE%25BF%25CE%25BB%25CE%25AE+%25CF%2583%25CF%2584%25CE%25B7%25CE%25BD+%25CE%25AD%25CF%2581%25CE%25B7%25CE%25BC%25CE%25BF.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="455" data-original-width="500" height="291" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjtBqytxf1JVbayfALbgfEBGQaBiRsUcFSuM3CgtIS3mL4VZ_jDtU4mtHBIBgsfl9oZLaFM49wlRXveGju3vrt7OHUHxwwyv9-sL5iKCMao71mPClLAyvlhD9pbOnKzdPaSrTgxvx2Srk8/s320/%25CE%2595%25CE%25B9%25CF%2583%25CE%25B2%25CE%25BF%25CE%25BB%25CE%25AE+%25CF%2583%25CF%2584%25CE%25B7%25CE%25BD+%25CE%25AD%25CF%2581%25CE%25B7%25CE%25BC%25CE%25BF.jpg" width="320" /></a></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="color: orange;"><span><span face="Verdana, sans-serif"><span>
Icon from <a href="http://grforafrica.blogspot.com/2017/06/pentecost-frontal-assault-on-hades.html">here</a></span></span></span></span></span></div><p>
<span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"><span><span><span style="color: lime;">Click:</span></span><br /><br /><a href="http://grforafrica.blogspot.com/2016/03/saturday-of-souls.html">Saturday of Souls</a><br /> </span></span></span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"><span><span><span><span><span><span><a href="http://www.johnsanidopoulos.com/2017/03/saturday-of-souls-resource-page.html">Saturday of Souls Resource Page</a> </span></span></span>
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</span></span></span></span></p><p> </p><div class="p3"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span class="s1"><a href="http://grforafrica.blogspot.gr/2017/06/pentecost-descent-of-holy-spirit.html">Pentecost (the Descent of the Holy Spirit)</a></span></span><span><span><span> </span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></div><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"><span>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"><span><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjcmsTe3VsiFysNjIBo6iJxnR4N9gTkH04MCVXW992TPweQ44LSGUkNpKIilwA7c6UVntffK8ZU8aG3o2rcR_rzLMMiRXDLXOIjlOJ6X0ZfwF9plRkUk-UiHfAPMZJ-3yHSIe6M9LFa51E/s1600/Pentecost_icon.jpg" style="clear: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1199" data-original-width="988" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjcmsTe3VsiFysNjIBo6iJxnR4N9gTkH04MCVXW992TPweQ44LSGUkNpKIilwA7c6UVntffK8ZU8aG3o2rcR_rzLMMiRXDLXOIjlOJ6X0ZfwF9plRkUk-UiHfAPMZJ-3yHSIe6M9LFa51E/s320/Pentecost_icon.jpg" width="263" /></a></span></span></span></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span><span style="font-family: georgia;"><span><span><span><span style="color: #cc0000;">Pentecost. Icon from <a href="https://grforafrica.blogspot.com/2017/06/african-pentecost-2017.html">here</a>.</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></td></tr>
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</span></span></span><div class="footnote">
<span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"><span><span><span><span><span><span><a href="http://grforafrica.blogspot.gr/2017/06/pentecost-frontal-assault-on-hades.html">Pentecost – a frontal assault on Hades!</a> </span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></div><p><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"><span><span><span><span><span><span><a href="http://grforafrica.blogspot.gr/2018/01/national-identity-and-unity-from-babel.html">National Identity and Unity: From Babel to Pentecost</a></span></span></span></span></span></span></span> </span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"><span><a href="http://grforafrica.blogspot.com/2020/06/baptism-by-holy-spirit-in-new-testament.html">Baptism by the Holy Spirit in the New Testament (Digital book)</a></span></span></span>
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<span><span><span><span style="color: lime;"><span><a href="http://grforafrica.blogspot.gr/2015/10/god-holy-trinity-lover-of-mankind.html">God the Holy Trinity: ‘The Lover of Mankind’ (& the "depiction of God" in Orthodox Church)</a></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></div><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"><span>
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<span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span style="color: lime;"><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><a href="http://grforafrica.blogspot.gr/2018/04/the-sundays-after-easter-in-orthodox.html">The Sundays after Easter in the Orthodox Christian Heritage!</a></span></span></span></span></span></span></span> </span> </span></span></span></span><br />
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<span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><a href="http://grforafrica.blogspot.gr/2015/10/utatu-mtakatifu-mungu-ambaye-anapenda.html">Utatu Mtakatifu, Mungu ambaye anapenda ubinadamu</a></span><br />
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<span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"><span><span><span><span><span><span><a dir="ltr" href="http://grforafrica.blogspot.gr/search/label/Pentecostal">Pentecostalism</a> </span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></div><span style="font-size: medium;">
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<span style="font-size: medium;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhfB0zUIkw0pptapPK6uR0-kCfuC4JPL1b19SFKnNH6y7cGM-inTUl667GrmMCxyvSps2eSUYvFVSR2p70Ex-iK4x9_ucpTe_UstgH5C8eFrk-7RVQw9-Nu9REW8Ta0Y2IWM_h8PK1a5iM/s1600/Pentecoste+Uganda+2020.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="720" data-original-width="960" height="300" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhfB0zUIkw0pptapPK6uR0-kCfuC4JPL1b19SFKnNH6y7cGM-inTUl667GrmMCxyvSps2eSUYvFVSR2p70Ex-iK4x9_ucpTe_UstgH5C8eFrk-7RVQw9-Nu9REW8Ta0Y2IWM_h8PK1a5iM/s400/Pentecoste+Uganda+2020.jpg" width="400" /></a></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: small;"><span><span face="Verdana, sans-serif"><span style="color: #e69138;"><span>"A
blessed Pentecost to all from St. Basil Gulu. May the Holy Spirit our
God, come and dwell in us, cleanize us, strengthen us, protect us, clear
our Atmosphere from the current virus and protect us from all dangers
& evils". <a href="https://www.facebook.com/orthodoxguluandeastug/posts/590107631902584?__tn__=-R">Orthodox Diocese of Gulu and Eastern Uganda</a></span></span></span></span></span></div>ΝΕΚΡΟΣ ΓΙΑ ΤΟΝ ΚΟΣΜΟhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/02509837341423212543noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2056303034280009991.post-1164703816901233792023-06-03T01:09:00.000-07:002023-06-03T01:09:11.270-07:00Rubbish in Mozambique<p></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: small;"><a href="http://londinoupolis.blogspot.com/2011/08/rubbish-in-mozambique.html">Londinoupolis</a></span></p><div class="post-header">
</div>
<div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: small;">
Growing up in a European capital where rubbish is put in the dustbin and
from there the rubbish dumps, which I do not know and in a way I don't
want to know where they are. People in the cities choose to distance
themselves from these facts and get quite annoyed when the trash is not
collected on time. </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: small;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: small;"><a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-0hVfbyZF9Ys/UGV52wHSOrI/AAAAAAAAIAI/EfJOMaPivto/s1600/images+(1).jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-0hVfbyZF9Ys/UGV52wHSOrI/AAAAAAAAIAI/EfJOMaPivto/s1600/images+(1).jpg" /></a></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: small;"><a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-NxqZLYk5aoA/UGV54uxwN7I/AAAAAAAAIAQ/Twfu8fE_Yc4/s1600/trashland_7.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="226" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-NxqZLYk5aoA/UGV54uxwN7I/AAAAAAAAIAQ/Twfu8fE_Yc4/s320/trashland_7.jpg" width="320" /></a></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: small;"><br /></span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: small;">
However we forget various other places around the world which receive
our rubbish. It is a fact that trash is moved around, massive quantities
are thrown in the oceans and the third world. These of course produce
many illnesses and infections to the people close to this 'mountains of
rubbish'. </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: small;"><a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-5-8Yc62vuw4/UGV55JmrwGI/AAAAAAAAIAU/9LO3HOa1mWU/s1600/erygh.JPG" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="213" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-5-8Yc62vuw4/UGV55JmrwGI/AAAAAAAAIAU/9LO3HOa1mWU/s320/erygh.JPG" width="320" /></a></span></div>
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<div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: small;">
Are the pictures here the answer to the problem in the 21st century? We
have been hearing that a futuristic solution would be to send our
rubbish into space. Maybe recycling should be taken more seriously.
These images are appalling, showing how colonial attitudes from the
Western powers towards the South, mainly Africa, continue even in the
post-colonial era. <br /></span></div><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: small;"> </span></p>ΝΕΚΡΟΣ ΓΙΑ ΤΟΝ ΚΟΣΜΟhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/02509837341423212543noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2056303034280009991.post-7790063975091199662023-06-01T14:17:00.000-07:002023-06-01T14:17:03.452-07:00The first university in the world<p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: small;"><a href="http://londinoupolis.blogspot.com/2012/01/first-university-in-world.html">Londinoupolis</a><br /></span></p>
<div class="post-header">
</div>
<div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: small;">
Alexandria, in Northern Africa, became the most important centre of
research and study of the ancient world, due to the policies applied by
the Ptolemaic kings after the conquest of Egypt by Alexander the
Great. King Ptolemy established in 280 B.C. a museum in the south-west
part of the palace which housed foreign visitors, poets, scholars and
researchers. There he founded the Serapeion Temple, honouring the God
Serapis. </span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: small;">
When Ptolemy II took power he established next to the Temple the
Serapeion Library. The Egyptian priest Manetho helped significantly in
this project. According to historical sources found in libraries and
temples of Memphis in Ain Shams, Manetho created replicas of Egyptian
texts in Greek, which were placed in the Serapeion Temple in Alexandria.
<br /></span>
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</div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: small;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjO-GcF8oDFGVIBtgXimATs5MCLrr75atVHlKAsQ48aIPuEwvnLIl1LmDAVMFcM0aq5N7aKD16KO8qzSAwe2lP9pLqZ8SL4HXP-xlH_Kkh1_4H_MOTj8sw0drkpxvnRrwZW6ANrWl51UIvfQ3T2npBoM2_qXBOMhWTdMFp-BQ1vxgLaGppqT55W4njb/s266/%CE%B5%CE%B9%CE%BB%CE%B7%CF%84%CE%B1%CF%81%CE%B9%CE%B1.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="266" data-original-width="189" height="266" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjO-GcF8oDFGVIBtgXimATs5MCLrr75atVHlKAsQ48aIPuEwvnLIl1LmDAVMFcM0aq5N7aKD16KO8qzSAwe2lP9pLqZ8SL4HXP-xlH_Kkh1_4H_MOTj8sw0drkpxvnRrwZW6ANrWl51UIvfQ3T2npBoM2_qXBOMhWTdMFp-BQ1vxgLaGppqT55W4njb/s1600/%CE%B5%CE%B9%CE%BB%CE%B7%CF%84%CE%B1%CF%81%CE%B9%CE%B1.jpg" width="189" /></a></span></div>
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<div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: small;">
Manetho achieved three important goals, first he gave an overview of
ancient Egyptian history until the rule of the Ptolemies, secondly he
gave a collection of hieroglyphic writings containing philosophical and
theological explanations of the world and thirdly he gave numerous
references to the natural laws of science.</span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: small;">
The library was comprised of general knowledge and philosophical texts
of the era form the ancient civilizations of Egypt, Babylon, Syria,
Persia and Greece. Also one could find scrolls from difference
disciplines, including language, rhetoric, jurisprudence, law,
geography, history, philosophy, logic, sport, engineering, medicine,
chemistry and physics. This was the first time in history, where human
heritage of many civilizations was accumulated into a single place and
in a language widely known to countless people, i.e. Greek, making it
possible for students from all around the known world to be able to
study at this school of thought and science. The Serapeion was hence the
first university in the world and it is due to this establishment that
countless students studied there from the 3rd century B.C. until the 4th
century A.D. </span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: small;"> </span></div>
ΝΕΚΡΟΣ ΓΙΑ ΤΟΝ ΚΟΣΜΟhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/02509837341423212543noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2056303034280009991.post-53790216979624559542023-06-01T04:18:00.002-07:002023-06-01T04:18:35.536-07:00Ota Benga, a Mbuti (Congo pygmy) man, in a human zoo at the Bronx!...<p><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ota_Benga">En.wikipedia</a></p><div aria-labelledby="firstHeading" class="vector-body ve-init-mw-desktopArticleTarget-targetContainer" data-mw-ve-target-container="" id="bodyContent"><div class="mw-body-content mw-content-ltr" dir="ltr" id="mw-content-text" lang="en"><div class="mw-parser-output"><table class="infobox biography vcard"><tbody><tr><th class="infobox-above" colspan="2" style="font-size: 125%;"></th></tr><tr><td class="infobox-image" colspan="2"><a class="image" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Ota_Benga_at_1904_World%27s_Fair.jpg"><img alt="Ota Benga at 1904 World's Fair.jpg" data-file-height="1200" data-file-width="900" height="293" src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Ota_Benga_at_1904_World%27s_Fair.jpg/220px-Ota_Benga_at_1904_World%27s_Fair.jpg" width="220" /></a><div class="infobox-caption">Benga at the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Louisiana_Purchase_Exposition" title="Louisiana Purchase Exposition">St. Louis World's Fair</a>, 1904</div></td></tr><tr><th class="infobox-label" scope="row">Born</th><td class="infobox-data"><div class="nickname" style="display: inline;">Mbye Otabenga<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-1"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ota_Benga#cite_note-1">[1]</a></sup></div><br /><abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space: nowrap;"> 1883</span><br /><div class="birthplace" style="display: inline;">Democratic Republic of the Congo (post 1971)</div></td></tr><tr><th class="infobox-label" scope="row">Died</th><td class="infobox-data"><time class="dday deathdate" datetime="1916-03-20">March 20, 1916</time> (aged 32–33)<br /><div class="deathplace" style="display: inline;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lynchburg,_Virginia" title="Lynchburg, Virginia">Lynchburg, Virginia</a>, U.S.</div></td></tr><tr><th class="infobox-label" scope="row">Cause of death</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suicide" title="Suicide">Suicide</a></td></tr><tr><th class="infobox-label" scope="row">Resting place</th><td class="infobox-data label">White Rock Cemetery, Lynchburg, Virginia<br /><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><span style="white-space: nowrap;"><img alt="" class="wmamapbutton noprint" src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/WMA_button2b.png/17px-WMA_button2b.png" style="cursor: pointer; padding: 0px 3px 0px 0px;" title="Show location on an interactive map" /><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Ota_Benga&params=37_23_56.23_N_79_7_58.41_W_" style="white-space: normal;"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">37°23′56.23″N</span> <span class="longitude">79°7′58.41″W</span></span></span></a></span></span></td></tr><tr><th class="infobox-label" scope="row">Occupation</th><td class="infobox-data role">Hunting</td></tr><tr><th class="infobox-label" scope="row">Height</th><td class="infobox-data">4 ft 11 in (150 cm)</td></tr><tr><th class="infobox-label" scope="row">Children</th><td class="infobox-data">2</td></tr></tbody></table>
<p><b>Ota Benga</b> (<abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space: nowrap;"> 1883</span><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-2"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ota_Benga#cite_note-2">[2]</a></sup> – March 20, 1916) was a <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mbuti_people" title="Mbuti people">Mbuti</a> (<a class="mw-redirect" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Congo_Pygmies" title="Congo Pygmies">Congo pygmy</a>) man, known for being featured in an exhibit at the 1904 <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Louisiana_Purchase_Exposition" title="Louisiana Purchase Exposition">Louisiana Purchase Exposition</a> in <a class="mw-redirect" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/St._Louis,_Missouri" title="St. Louis, Missouri">St. Louis, Missouri</a>, and as a <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_zoo" title="Human zoo">human zoo</a> exhibit in 1906 at the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bronx_Zoo" title="Bronx Zoo">Bronx Zoo</a>. Benga had been purchased from native <a class="mw-redirect" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/African_slave_trade" title="African slave trade">African slave traders</a> by the explorer <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samuel_Phillips_Verner" title="Samuel Phillips Verner">Samuel Phillips Verner</a>,<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-3"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ota_Benga#cite_note-3">[3]</a></sup>
a businessman searching for African people for the exhibition, who took
him to the United States. While at the Bronx Zoo, Benga was allowed to
walk the grounds before and after he was exhibited in the zoo's Monkey
House. Benga was placed in a cage with an <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orangutan" title="Orangutan">orangutan</a> as a lampoon on <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Darwinism" title="Darwinism">Darwinism</a>.
To enhance the primitive image and presumably protect himself if need
be from the ape, he was given a functional bow and arrow. He used this
instead to shoot at visitors who mocked him and partially as a result of
this the exhibition was ended.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-4"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ota_Benga#cite_note-4">[4]</a></sup>
Except for a brief visit to Africa with Verner after the close of the
St. Louis Fair, Benga lived in the United States, mostly in <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virginia" title="Virginia">Virginia</a>, for the rest of his life.
</p><p><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/African-American_newspapers" title="African-American newspapers">African-American newspapers</a> around the nation published editorials strongly opposing Benga's treatment. <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Stuart_MacArthur" title="Robert Stuart MacArthur">Robert Stuart MacArthur</a>, spokesman for a delegation of black churches, petitioned New York City Mayor <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_B._McClellan_Jr." title="George B. McClellan Jr.">George B. McClellan Jr.</a>
for his release from the Bronx Zoo. In late 1906, the mayor released
Benga to the custody of James H. Gordon, who supervised the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Howard_Colored_Orphan_Asylum" title="Howard Colored Orphan Asylum">Howard Colored Orphan Asylum</a> in Brooklyn.
</p><p>In 1910, Gordon arranged for Benga to be cared for in <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lynchburg,_Virginia" title="Lynchburg, Virginia">Lynchburg, Virginia</a>, where he paid for his clothes and to have his <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_tooth_sharpening" title="Human tooth sharpening">sharpened teeth</a> <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dental_restoration" title="Dental restoration">capped</a>.
This would enable Benga to be more readily accepted in local society.
Benga was tutored in English and began to work at a Lynchburg tobacco
factory.
</p><p>He tried to return to Africa, but the outbreak of <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_War_I" title="World War I">World War I</a> in 1914 stopped all ship passenger travel. Benga developed <a class="mw-redirect" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clinical_depression" title="Clinical depression">depression</a>, and died by suicide in 1916.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-5"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ota_Benga#cite_note-5">[5]</a></sup>
</p>
<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Early_life" style="color: #04ff00;">Early life</span></h2></div></div></div><p>As a member of the <a class="mw-redirect" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mbuti" title="Mbuti">Mbuti</a> people,<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-6"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ota_Benga#cite_note-6">[6]</a></sup> Ota Benga lived in equatorial forests near the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kasai_River" title="Kasai River">Kasai River</a> in what was then the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Congo_Free_State" title="Congo Free State">Congo Free State</a>. His people were attacked by the <i><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Force_Publique" title="Force Publique">Force Publique</a>,</i> established by <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leopold_II_of_Belgium" title="Leopold II of Belgium">King Leopold II of Belgium</a>
as a militia to oppress the local people and communities, most of whom
were used as forced laborers in the extraction and exploitation of
Congo's massive supply of <a class="mw-redirect" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rubber" title="Rubber">rubber</a>.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-7"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ota_Benga#cite_note-7">[7]</a></sup>
Benga's wife and two children were slaughtered; he survived because he
was on a hunting expedition when the Force Publique attacked his
village. He was later captured by slave traders from the enemy
"Baschelel" (<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lele_people" title="Lele people">Bashilele</a>) tribe.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-nyt2006_8-0"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ota_Benga#cite_note-nyt2006-8">[8]</a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-National_Public_Radio_9-0"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ota_Benga#cite_note-National_Public_Radio-9">[9]</a></sup>
</p><p>In 1904, American businessman and explorer Samuel Phillips Verner traveled to Africa,<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-10"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ota_Benga#cite_note-10">[10]</a></sup> under contract from the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Louisiana_Purchase_Exposition" title="Louisiana Purchase Exposition">St. Louis World Fair</a>, to bring back an assortment of pygmies to be part of an exhibition.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-11"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ota_Benga#cite_note-11">[11]</a></sup> Verner came across Benga while en route to a <a class="mw-redirect" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Twa_peoples" title="Twa peoples">Batwa</a>
pygmy village visited previously. He purchased Benga from the Bashilele
slave traders, giving them a pound of salt and a bolt of cloth in
exchange.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-12"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ota_Benga#cite_note-12">[12]</a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-nyt2006_8-1"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ota_Benga#cite_note-nyt2006-8">[8]</a></sup> Verner later claimed he had rescued Benga from cannibals.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-13"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ota_Benga#cite_note-13">[13]</a></sup>
</p><p>The two spent several weeks together before reaching the Batwa village. The villagers did not trust the <i>muzungu</i>
("white man"). Verner was unable to recruit any villagers to join him
for travel to the United States until Benga said that the <i>muzungu</i>
had saved his life, and spoke of the bond that had grown between them
and his own curiosity about the world Verner came from. Four Batwa, all
male, ultimately decided to accompany them. Verner also recruited other
Africans who were not pygmies: five men from the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kuba_Kingdom" title="Kuba Kingdom">Bakuba</a>, including the son of King Ndombe, ruler of the Bakuba; and other related peoples.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-parezo204_14-0"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ota_Benga#cite_note-parezo204-14">[14]</a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-15"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ota_Benga#cite_note-15">[15]</a></sup>
</p>
<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Exhibitions" style="color: red;">Exhibitions</span></h2><h3><span class="mw-headline" id="St._Louis_World_Fair" style="color: #04ff00;">St. Louis World Fair</span></h3><div class="thumbinner" style="width: 222px;"><a class="image" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Louisiana_Purchase_pygmies.jpg"><img class="thumbimage" data-file-height="590" data-file-width="818" height="159" src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Louisiana_Purchase_pygmies.jpg/220px-Louisiana_Purchase_pygmies.jpg" width="220" /></a> <div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"></div></div></div><div class="thumb tright"><div class="thumbinner" style="width: 222px;"><div class="thumbcaption">Benga (second from left) and the Batwa in St. Louis</div></div></div>
<p>The group was taken to <a class="mw-redirect" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/St._Louis,_Missouri" title="St. Louis, Missouri">St. Louis, Missouri</a>, in late June 1904 without Verner, as he had been taken ill with <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaria" title="Malaria">malaria</a>.
The Louisiana Purchase Exposition had already begun, and the Africans
immediately became the center of attention. Benga was particularly
popular, and his name was reported variously by the press as <i>Artiba</i>, <i>Autobank</i>,<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Bradford_Geronimo_16-0"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ota_Benga#cite_note-Bradford_Geronimo-16">[16]</a></sup> <i>Ota Bang</i>, and <i>Otabenga</i>. He had an amiable personality, and visitors were eager to see his teeth that had been <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_tooth_sharpening" title="Human tooth sharpening">filed to sharp points</a>
in his early youth as ritual decoration. The Africans learned to charge
for photographs and performances. One newspaper account promoted Benga
as "the only genuine African <a class="mw-redirect" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cannibal" title="Cannibal">cannibal</a> in America", and claimed that "[his teeth were] worth the five cents he charges for showing them to visitors".<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-parezo204_14-1"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ota_Benga#cite_note-parezo204-14">[14]</a></sup>
</p>
<div class="thumb tright"><div class="thumbinner" style="width: 222px;"><a class="image" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Ota_Benga,_sharpened_teeth_and_spear.jpg"><img class="thumbimage" data-file-height="500" data-file-width="500" height="220" src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Ota_Benga%2C_sharpened_teeth_and_spear.jpg/220px-Ota_Benga%2C_sharpened_teeth_and_spear.jpg" width="220" /></a> <div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"></div></div></div></div><div class="thumb tright"><div class="thumbinner" style="width: 222px;"><div class="thumbcaption">Benga in 1904</div></div></div>
<p>When Verner arrived a month later, he realized the pygmies were more
prisoners than performers. Their attempts to congregate peacefully in
the forest on Sundays were thwarted by the crowds' fascination with
them. McGee's attempts to present a "serious" scientific exhibit were
also overturned. On July 28, 1904, the Africans performed to the crowd's
preconceived notion that they were "savages", resulting in the First
Illinois Regiment being called in to control the mob. Benga and the
other Africans eventually performed in a warlike fashion, imitating <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Native_Americans_in_the_United_States" title="Native Americans in the United States">Native Americans</a> they saw at the Exhibition.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Verner_arrive_17-0"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ota_Benga#cite_note-Verner_arrive-17">[17]</a></sup> The <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apache" title="Apache">Apache</a> leader <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geronimo" title="Geronimo">Geronimo</a> (featured as "The Human Tyger" – with special dispensation from the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Department_of_War" title="United States Department of War">Department of War</a>)<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Bradford_Geronimo_16-1"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ota_Benga#cite_note-Bradford_Geronimo-16">[16]</a></sup> grew to admire Benga, and gave him one of his <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arrowhead" title="Arrowhead">arrowheads</a>.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-18"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ota_Benga#cite_note-18">[18]</a></sup>
</p>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="American_Museum_of_Natural_History" style="color: #04ff00;">American Museum of Natural History</span></h3><p>Benga
accompanied Verner when he returned the other Africans to the Congo. He
briefly lived amongst the Batwa while continuing to accompany Verner on
his African adventures. He married a Batwa woman who later died of
snakebite, but little is known of this second marriage. Not feeling that
he belonged with the Batwa, Benga chose to return with Verner to the
United States.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-19"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ota_Benga#cite_note-19">[19]</a></sup>
</p><p>Verner eventually arranged for Benga to stay in a spare room at the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_Museum_of_Natural_History" title="American Museum of Natural History">American Museum of Natural History</a>
in New York City while he was tending to other business. Verner
negotiated with the curator Henry Bumpus over the presentation of his
acquisitions from Africa and potential employment. While Bumpus was put
off by Verner's request of what he thought was the prohibitively high
salary of $175 a month and was not impressed by the man's credentials,
he was interested in Benga. Benga initially enjoyed his time at the
museum, where he was given a Southern-style linen suit to wear when he
entertained. He became homesick for his own culture.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-museum_20-0"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ota_Benga#cite_note-museum-20">[20]</a></sup>
</p><p>The writers Bradford and Blume imagined<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="margin-left: 0.1em; white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Please_clarify" title="Wikipedia:Please clarify"><span title="The text near this tag may need clarification or removal of jargon. (July 2022)">clarification needed</span></a></i>]</sup> his feelings:
</p>
<blockquote><p>What at first held his attention now made him want to
flee. It was maddening to be inside – to be swallowed whole – so long.
He had an image of himself, stuffed, behind glass, but somehow still
alive, crouching over a fake campfire, feeding meat to a lifeless child.
Museum silence became a source of torment, a kind of noise; he needed
birdsong, breezes, trees.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-21"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ota_Benga#cite_note-21">[21]</a></sup></p></blockquote>
<p>The disaffected Benga attempted to find relief by exploiting his
employers' presentation of him as a 'savage'. He tried to slip past the
guards as a large crowd was leaving the premises; when asked on one
occasion to seat a wealthy donor's wife, he pretended to misunderstand,
instead hurling the chair across the room, just missing the woman's
head. Meanwhile, Verner was struggling financially and had made little
progress in his negotiations with the museum. He soon found another home
for Benga.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-museum_20-1"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ota_Benga#cite_note-museum-20">[20]</a></sup>
</p>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Bronx_Zoo" style="color: red;">Bronx Zoo</span></h3><p>At the suggestion of Bumpus, Verner took Benga to the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bronx_Zoo" title="Bronx Zoo">Bronx Zoo</a> in 1906. <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Temple_Hornaday" title="William Temple Hornaday">William Hornaday</a>,
director of the zoo, initially enlisted Benga to help maintain the
animal habitats. However, Hornaday saw that people took more notice of
Benga than the animals at the zoo, and he eventually created an
exhibition to feature Benga.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-National_Public_Radio_9-1"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ota_Benga#cite_note-National_Public_Radio-9">[9]</a></sup> At the zoo, the Mbuti man was allowed to roam the grounds, but there is no record that he was ever paid for his work.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-nyt2006_8-2"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ota_Benga#cite_note-nyt2006-8">[8]</a></sup> He became fond of an <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orangutan" title="Orangutan">orangutan</a> named Dohong, "the presiding genius of the Monkey House", who had been taught to perform tricks and imitate human behavior.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-22"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ota_Benga#cite_note-22">[22]</a></sup>
</p><p>The events leading to his "exhibition" alongside Dohong were gradual:<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-nyt2006_8-3"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ota_Benga#cite_note-nyt2006-8">[8]</a></sup> Benga spent some of his time in the Monkey House exhibit, and the zoo encouraged him to hang his <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hammock" title="Hammock">hammock</a>
there, and to shoot his bow and arrow at a target. On the first day of
the exhibit, September 8, 1906, visitors found Benga in the Monkey
House.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-nyt2006_8-4"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ota_Benga#cite_note-nyt2006-8">[8]</a></sup>
</p>
<div class="thumb tright"><div class="thumbinner" style="width: 172px;"><a class="image" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Ota_Benga_at_Bronx_Zoo.jpg"><img class="thumbimage" data-file-height="5192" data-file-width="2689" height="328" src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Ota_Benga_at_Bronx_Zoo.jpg/170px-Ota_Benga_at_Bronx_Zoo.jpg" width="170" /></a> <div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"></div></div></div></div><div class="thumb tright"><div class="thumbinner" style="width: 172px;"><div class="thumbcaption">Ota
Benga at the Bronx Zoo in 1906. Only five promotional photos exist of
Benga's time here, none of them in the "Monkey House"; cameras were not
allowed.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-23"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ota_Benga#cite_note-23">[23]</a></sup></div></div></div>
<p>Soon, a sign on the exhibit read:
</p>
<blockquote><p>The African Pygmy, "Ota Benga."<br />
</p><p>Age, 23 years. Height, 4 feet 11 inches.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-24"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ota_Benga#cite_note-24">[a]</a></sup><br />
Weight, 103 pounds.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-25"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ota_Benga#cite_note-25">[b]</a></sup> Brought from the<br />
Kasai River, Congo Free State, South Cen-<br />
tral Africa, by Dr. Samuel P. Verner. Ex-<br />
hibited each afternoon during September.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-nyt1906_26-0"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ota_Benga#cite_note-nyt1906-26">[24]</a></sup>
</p>
</blockquote>
<p>Hornaday considered the exhibit a valuable spectacle for visitors; he was supported by <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madison_Grant" title="Madison Grant">Madison Grant</a>, Secretary of the <a class="mw-redirect" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_York_Zoological_Society" title="New York Zoological Society">New York Zoological Society</a>,
who lobbied to put Ota Benga on display alongside apes at the Bronx
Zoo. A decade later, Grant became prominent nationally as a <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scientific_racism" title="Scientific racism">racial anthropologist</a> and <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eugenics" title="Eugenics">eugenicist</a>.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-27"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ota_Benga#cite_note-27">[25]</a></sup>
</p><p><a class="mw-redirect" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/African-American" title="African-American">African-American</a> clergymen immediately protested to zoo officials about the exhibit. Said James H. Gordon,
</p>
<blockquote><p>Our race, we think, is depressed enough, without
exhibiting one of us with the apes ... We think we are worthy of being
considered human beings, with souls.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-nyt2006_8-5"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ota_Benga#cite_note-nyt2006-8">[8]</a></sup></p></blockquote>
<p>Gordon thought the exhibit was hostile to Christianity and was effectively a promotion of <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Darwinism" title="Darwinism">Darwinism</a>:
</p>
<blockquote><p>The Darwinian theory is absolutely opposed to Christianity, and a public demonstration in its favor should not be permitted.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-nyt2006_8-6"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ota_Benga#cite_note-nyt2006-8">[8]</a></sup></p></blockquote>
<p>A number of clergymen backed Gordon.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Spiro_47_28-0"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ota_Benga#cite_note-Spiro_47-28">[26]</a></sup> In defense of the depiction of Benga as a lesser human, an editorial in <i><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a></i> suggested:
</p>
<blockquote><p>We do not quite understand all the emotion which others
are expressing in the matter ... It is absurd to make moan over the
imagined humiliation and degradation Benga is suffering. The pygmies ...
are very low in the human scale, and the suggestion that Benga should
be in a school instead of a cage ignores the high probability that
school would be a place ... from which he could draw no advantage
whatever. The idea that men are all much alike except as they have had
or lacked opportunities for getting an education out of books is now far
out of date.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Spiro_48_29-0"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ota_Benga#cite_note-Spiro_48-29">[27]</a></sup></p></blockquote>
<p>After the controversy, Benga was allowed to roam the grounds of the
zoo. In response to the situation, as well as verbal and physical prods
from the crowds, he became more mischievous and somewhat violent.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-30"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ota_Benga#cite_note-30">[28]</a></sup> Around this time, an article in <i>The New York Times</i> quoted <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Stuart_MacArthur" title="Robert Stuart MacArthur">Robert Stuart MacArthur</a> as saying, "It is too bad that there is not some society like the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_York_Society_for_the_Prevention_of_Cruelty_to_Children" title="New York Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Children">Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Children</a>. We send our missionaries to Africa to Christianize the people, and then we bring one here to brutalize him."<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-nyt1906_26-1"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ota_Benga#cite_note-nyt1906-26">[24]</a></sup>
</p><p>The zoo finally removed Benga from the grounds. Verner was
unsuccessful in his continued search for employment, but he occasionally
spoke to Benga. The two had agreed that it was in Benga's best
interests to remain in the United States despite the unwelcome spotlight
at the zoo.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-31"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ota_Benga#cite_note-31">[29]</a></sup>
</p><p>Toward the end of 1906, Benga was released into Reverend Gordon's custody.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-nyt2006_8-7"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ota_Benga#cite_note-nyt2006-8">[8]</a></sup>
</p>
<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Later_life" style="color: red;">Later life</span></h2><p>Gordon placed Benga in the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Howard_Colored_Orphan_Asylum" title="Howard Colored Orphan Asylum">Howard Colored Orphan Asylum</a>, a church-sponsored <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orphanage" title="Orphanage">orphanage</a> in <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brooklyn" title="Brooklyn">Brooklyn</a> that Gordon supervised. As the unwelcome press attention continued, in January 1910, Gordon arranged for Benga's relocation to <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lynchburg,_Virginia" title="Lynchburg, Virginia">Lynchburg, Virginia</a>, where he lived with the family of <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gregory_W._Hayes" title="Gregory W. Hayes">Gregory W. Hayes</a>.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-32"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ota_Benga#cite_note-32">[30]</a></sup>
</p><p>So that he could more easily be part of local society, Gordon
arranged for Benga's teeth to be capped and bought him American-style
clothes. He received tutoring from Lynchburg poet <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anne_Spencer" title="Anne Spencer">Anne Spencer</a><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-33"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ota_Benga#cite_note-33">[31]</a></sup> in order to improve his English, and began to attend elementary school at the Baptist Seminary in Lynchburg.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Spiro_48_29-1"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ota_Benga#cite_note-Spiro_48-29">[27]</a></sup>
</p><p>Once he felt his English had improved sufficiently, Benga discontinued his formal education. He began working at a Lynchburg <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tobacco" title="Tobacco">tobacco</a> factory, and began to plan a return to Africa.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Spiro_49_34-0"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ota_Benga#cite_note-Spiro_49-34">[32]</a></sup>
</p>
<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Death" style="color: #04ff00;">Death</span></h2><p>In 1914, when <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_War_I" title="World War I">World War I</a>
broke out, a return to the Congo became impossible as passenger ship
traffic ended. Benga became depressed as his hopes for a return to his
homeland faded.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Spiro_49_34-1"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ota_Benga#cite_note-Spiro_49-34">[32]</a></sup>
On March 20, 1916, at the age of 32 or 33, he built a ceremonial fire,
chipped off the caps on his teeth, and shot himself in the heart with a
borrowed pistol.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-35"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ota_Benga#cite_note-35">[33]</a></sup>
</p><p>Benga was buried in an unmarked grave in the black section of the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Old_City_Cemetery_(Lynchburg,_Virginia)" title="Old City Cemetery (Lynchburg, Virginia)">Old City Cemetery</a>, near his benefactor, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gregory_W._Hayes" title="Gregory W. Hayes">Gregory Hayes</a>.
At some point, the remains of both men went missing. Local oral history
indicates that Hayes and Benga were eventually moved from the Old
Cemetery to White Rock Hill Cemetery, a burial ground that later fell
into disrepair.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-36"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ota_Benga#cite_note-36">[34]</a></sup> Benga received a historic marker in Lynchburg in 2017.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-37"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ota_Benga#cite_note-37">[35]</a></sup>
</p>
<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Legacy" style="color: #ffa400;">Legacy</span></h2><p>Phillips Verner Bradford, the grandson of Samuel Phillips Verner, wrote a book on Benga, entitled <i>Ota Benga: The Pygmy in the Zoo</i> (1992). During his research for the book, Bradford visited the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_Museum_of_Natural_History" title="American Museum of Natural History">American Museum of Natural History</a>,
which holds a life mask and body cast of Ota Benga. The display is
still labeled "Pygmy", rather than indicating Benga's name, despite
objections beginning a century ago from Verner and repeated by others.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-38"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ota_Benga#cite_note-38">[36]</a></sup>
Publication of Bradford's book in 1992 inspired widespread interest in
Ota Benga's story and stimulated creation of many other works, both
fictional and non-fiction, such as:
</p>
<ul><li>1994 – John Strand's play, <i>Ota Benga</i>, was produced by the Signature Theater in <a class="mw-redirect" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arlington,_Virginia" title="Arlington, Virginia">Arlington, Virginia</a>.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-39"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ota_Benga#cite_note-39">[37]</a></sup></li><li>1997 – The play, <i>Ota Benga, Elegy for the Elephant,</i> by Dr. Ben B. Halm, was staged at <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fairfield_University" title="Fairfield University">Fairfield University</a> in Connecticut.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-40"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ota_Benga#cite_note-40">[38]</a></sup></li><li>2002 – The Mbuti man was the subject of the short documentary, <i>Ota Benga: A Pygmy in America,</i> directed by Brazilian <a class="new" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Alfeu_Fran%C3%A7a&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Alfeu França (page does not exist)">Alfeu França</a>. He incorporated original movies recorded by Verner in the early 20th century.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-41"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ota_Benga#cite_note-41">[39]</a></sup></li><li>2005 – A fictionalized account of his life portrayed in the film <i><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Man_to_Man_(2005_film)" title="Man to Man (2005 film)">Man to Man</a></i>, starring Joseph Fiennes, Kristin Scott Thomas.</li><li>2006 – The Brooklyn-based band <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pi%C3%B1ataland" title="Piñataland">Piñataland</a> released a song titled "Ota Benga's Name" on their album <i>Songs from the Forgotten Future Volume 1</i>, which tells the story of Ota Benga.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-nyt2006_8-8"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ota_Benga#cite_note-nyt2006-8">[8]</a></sup></li><li>2007 – McCray's early poems about Benga were adapted as a performance piece; the work debuted at the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Columbia_Museum_of_Art" title="Columbia Museum of Art">Columbia Museum of Art</a> in 2007, with McCray as narrator and original music by Kevin Simmonds.</li><li>2008 – Benga inspired the character of Ngunda Oti in the film <i><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Curious_Case_of_Benjamin_Button_(film)" title="The Curious Case of Benjamin Button (film)">The Curious Case of Benjamin Button</a></i>.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-42"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ota_Benga#cite_note-42">[40]</a></sup></li><li>2010 – The story of Ota Benga was the inspiration for a concept album by the <a class="mw-redirect" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/St._Louis,_Missouri" title="St. Louis, Missouri">St. Louis</a> musical ensemble May Day Orchestra <sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-43"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ota_Benga#cite_note-43">[41]</a></sup></li><li>2011 – Italian band Mamuthones recorded the song "Ota Benga" in their album <i>Mamuthones</i>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (September 2015)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup></li><li>2012 – <i>Ota Benga Under My Mother's Roof</i>, a poetry collection, was published by <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carrie_Allen_McCray" title="Carrie Allen McCray">Carrie Allen McCray</a>, whose family had taken care of Benga</li><li>2012 – <i>Ota Benga the Documentary Film</i> appeared<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-44"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ota_Benga#cite_note-44">[42]</a></sup></li><li>2015 – Journalist Pamela Newkirk published the biography <i>Spectacle: The Astonishing Life of Ota Benga</i><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-45"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ota_Benga#cite_note-45">[43]</a></sup></li><li>2016 – Radio Diaries, a Peabody Award-winning radio show, tells the
story of Ota Benga in "The Man in the Zoo" on the Radio Diaries podcast.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-46"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ota_Benga#cite_note-46">[44]</a></sup></li><li>2019 – The <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/University_of_Alabama_at_Birmingham" title="University of Alabama at Birmingham">University of Alabama at Birmingham</a> adapted Ota Benga's story into the musical <i>Savage</i>.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-47"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ota_Benga#cite_note-47">[45]</a></sup></li><li>2019 – <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Williamstown_Theatre_Festival" title="Williamstown Theatre Festival">Williamstown Theatre Festival</a> premiered <i>A Human Being, of a Sort,</i> a play based on Ota Benga's story, written by Jonathan Payne.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-48"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ota_Benga#cite_note-48">[46]</a></sup></li><li>2020 – the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wildlife_Conservation_Society" title="Wildlife Conservation Society">Wildlife Conservation Society</a>, operator of the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bronx_Zoo" title="Bronx Zoo">Bronx Zoo</a>, apologized for the zoo's treatment of Benga and promotion of eugenics.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-49"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ota_Benga#cite_note-49">[47]</a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-CBSLOCAL_50-0"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ota_Benga#cite_note-CBSLOCAL-50">[48]</a></sup></li></ul>
<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Similar_case" style="color: red;">Similar case</span></h2><div class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable" role="note">Main article: <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ishi" title="Ishi">Ishi</a></div>
<div class="thumb tright"><div class="thumbinner" style="width: 172px;"><a class="image" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Ishi_1914.jpg"><img class="thumbimage" data-file-height="1220" data-file-width="940" height="221" src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Ishi_1914.jpg/170px-Ishi_1914.jpg" width="170" /></a> <div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"></div></div></div></div><div class="thumb tright"><div class="thumbinner" style="width: 172px;"><div class="thumbcaption"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ishi" title="Ishi">Ishi</a>, a Native American who has been compared to Benga</div></div></div>
<p>Similarities have been observed between the treatment of Ota Benga and <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ishi" title="Ishi">Ishi</a>. The latter was the sole remaining member of the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yana_people" title="Yana people">Yahi</a> <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Native_Americans_in_the_United_States" title="Native Americans in the United States">Native American</a> tribe, and he was displayed in <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/California" title="California">California</a> around the same period. Ishi died on March 25, 1916, five days after Ota.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-51"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ota_Benga#cite_note-51">[49]</a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-52"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ota_Benga#cite_note-52">[50]</a></sup>
</p>
<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="See_also" style="color: #04ff00;">See also</span></h2><ul><li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sarah_Baartman" title="Sarah Baartman">Saartjie Baartman</a>, called the "Hottentot Venus"</li><li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_zoo" title="Human zoo">Human zoo</a></li></ul>
<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Footnotes" style="color: #ffa400;">Footnotes</span></h2><div class="mw-parser-output"><li id="cite_note-24"> <span class="reference-text">Or 1.50 m</span>
</li>
<div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"><div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"><li id="cite_note-25" value="2"> <span class="reference-text">Or 47 kg</span>
</li></ol></div></div>
<div style="clear: both;"></div>
<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="References" style="color: #ffa400;">References</span></h2><li id="cite_note-1"> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web cs1" id="CITEREFGraves2017">Graves, Katherine (September 15, 2017). <a class="external text" href="https://critograph.com/2017/09/14/ota-benga-honored/" rel="nofollow">"Ota Benga Honored"</a>. <i>The Critograph</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 31,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Critograph&rft.atitle=Ota+Benga+Honored&rft.date=2017-09-15&rft.aulast=Graves&rft.aufirst=Katherine&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcritograph.com%2F2017%2F09%2F14%2Fota-benga-honored%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOta+Benga"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-2"> <span class="reference-text">Bradford and Blume (1992), p. 54.</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-3"> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal cs1" id="CITEREFCrawford1982">Crawford, John R. (1982). "Pioneer African Missionary: Samuel Phillips Verner". <i>Journal of Presbyterian History (1962-1985)</i>. <b>60</b> (1): 42–57. <a class="mw-redirect" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/23328464" rel="nofollow">23328464</a>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Presbyterian+History+%281962-1985%29&rft.atitle=Pioneer+African+Missionary%3A+Samuel+Phillips+Verner&rft.volume=60&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=42-57&rft.date=1982&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F23328464%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.aulast=Crawford&rft.aufirst=John+R.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOta+Benga"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-4"> <span class="reference-text">"The Language Of Genes" by Steve Jones, p. 197.</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-5"> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book cs1" id="CITEREFEvanzz1999">Evanzz, Karl (1999). <i>The Messenger: The Rise and Fall of Elijah Muhammad</i>. New York: Pantheon Books. <a class="mw-redirect" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0679442608" title="Special:BookSources/978-0679442608"><bdi>978-0679442608</bdi></a>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Messenger%3A+The+Rise+and+Fall+of+Elijah+Muhammad&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Pantheon+Books&rft.date=1999&rft.isbn=978-0679442608&rft.aulast=Evanzz&rft.aufirst=Karl&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOta+Benga"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-6"> <span class="reference-text">Bradford
and Blume describe Benga as Mbuti and write, "A feature article
described Ota Benga as 'a dwarfy, black specimen of sad-eyed humanity.'
He was sad because the others were Batwa but he was not ..." (p. 116).
They later mention that he "never fully assimilated into the Batwa"
during his time with them. Parezo and Fowler refer to "[t]he Mbuti
(Batwa) Pygmies and 'Red Africans'" and note that "McGee called them all
Batwa, 'real aboriginals of the Dark Continent' ... [Benga] was
slightly taller than the other Pygmies, a characteristic common to his
society, the Badinga or Chiri-chiri. Verner considered the Chiri-chiris a
Pygmy society, and McGee and the press decided not to quibble over
details." (pp. 200–203). Many sources, e.g. <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ota_Benga#CITEREFAdams2001">Adams 2001</a>, p. 25 and <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NPR" title="NPR">NPR</a>, simply describe him as "a Batwa Pygmy from Africa".</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-7"> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/world/2015/jun/03/the-man-who-was-caged-in-a-zoo" rel="nofollow">"The man who was caged in a zoo | Pamela Newkirk"</a>. <i>the Guardian</i>. June 3, 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 17,</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=the+Guardian&rft.atitle=The+man+who+was+caged+in+a+zoo+%7C+Pamela+Newkirk&rft.date=2015-06-03&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fworld%2F2015%2Fjun%2F03%2Fthe-man-who-was-caged-in-a-zoo&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOta+Benga"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-nyt2006-8"> <span class="reference-text">
<cite class="citation news cs1" id="CITEREFKeller2006">Keller, Mitch (August 6, 2006). <a class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2006/08/06/nyregion/thecity/06zoo.html" rel="nofollow">"The Scandal at the Zoo"</a>. <i>The New York Times</i>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=The+Scandal+at+the+Zoo&rft.date=2006-08-06&rft.aulast=Keller&rft.aufirst=Mitch&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2006%2F08%2F06%2Fnyregion%2Fthecity%2F06zoo.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOta+Benga"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-National_Public_Radio-9"> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a class="external text" href="https://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=6225825" rel="nofollow">"Looking Back at the Strange Case of Ota Benga"</a>. <i>NPR.org</i>. National Public Radio<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 27,</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=NPR.org&rft.atitle=Looking+Back+at+the+Strange+Case+of+Ota+Benga&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.npr.org%2Ftemplates%2Fstory%2Fstory.php%3FstoryId%3D6225825&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOta+Benga"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-10"> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-53917733" rel="nofollow">"Caged Congolese teen: Why a zoo took 114 years to apologise"</a>. <i><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BBC" title="BBC">BBC</a></i>. August 27, 2020.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=BBC&rft.atitle=Caged+Congolese+teen%3A+Why+a+zoo+took+114+years+to+apologise&rft.date=2020-08-27&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.com%2Fnews%2Fworld-africa-53917733&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOta+Benga"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-11"> <span class="reference-text"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ota_Benga#CITEREFBradfordBlume1992">Bradford & Blume 1992</a>, pp. 97–98</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-12"> <span class="reference-text"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ota_Benga#CITEREFBradfordBlume1992">Bradford & Blume 1992</a>, pp. 102–103</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-13"> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-jul-greg-uncertainty">"Row Over a Pygmy". <i><a class="mw-redirect" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wilkes-Barre" title="Wilkes-Barre">Wilkes-Barre</a> Record</i>. Wilkes-Barre, Pennsylvania. September 11, 1906.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Wilkes-Barre+Record&rft.atitle=Row+Over+a+Pygmy&rft.date=1906-09-11&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOta+Benga"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-parezo204-14"> <span class="reference-text"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ota_Benga#CITEREFParezoFowler2007">Parezo & Fowler 2007</a>, p. 204</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-15"> <span class="reference-text"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ota_Benga#CITEREFBradfordBlume1992">Bradford & Blume 1992</a>, pp. 109–110</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-Bradford_Geronimo-16"> <span class="reference-text"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ota_Benga#CITEREFBradfordBlume1992">Bradford & Blume 1992</a>, pp. 12–16</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-Verner_arrive-17"> <span class="reference-text"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ota_Benga#CITEREFBradfordBlume1992">Bradford & Blume 1992</a>, pp. 118–121</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-18"> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a class="external text" href="http://thedabbler.co.uk/2014/08/oto-benga-human-zoo-exhibit/" rel="nofollow">"Oto Benga - Human Zoo Exhibit"</a>. <i>The Dabbler</i>. August 23, 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 18,</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Dabbler&rft.atitle=Oto+Benga+-+Human+Zoo+Exhibit&rft.date=2014-08-23&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fthedabbler.co.uk%2F2014%2F08%2Foto-benga-human-zoo-exhibit%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOta+Benga"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-19"> <span class="reference-text"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ota_Benga#CITEREFBradfordBlume1992">Bradford & Blume 1992</a>, pp. 151–158</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-museum-20"> <span class="reference-text"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ota_Benga#CITEREFBradfordBlume1992">Bradford & Blume 1992</a>, pp. 159–168</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-21"> <span class="reference-text"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ota_Benga#CITEREFBradfordBlume1992">Bradford & Blume 1992</a>, pp. 165–166</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-22"> <span class="reference-text"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ota_Benga#CITEREFBradfordBlume1992">Bradford & Blume 1992</a>, pp. 172–174</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-23"> <span class="reference-text"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ota_Benga#CITEREFBradfordBlume1992">Bradford & Blume 1992</a>, photo insert.</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-nyt1906-26"> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-jul-greg-uncertainty">"Man and Monkey Show Disapproved by Clergy". <i>The New York Times</i>. September 10, 1906. p. 1.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Man+and+Monkey+Show+Disapproved+by+Clergy&rft.pages=1&rft.date=1906-09-10&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOta+Benga"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-27"> <span class="reference-text"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ota_Benga#CITEREFBradfordBlume1992">Bradford & Blume 1992</a>, pp. 173–175</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-Spiro_47-28"> <span class="reference-text"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ota_Benga#CITEREFSpiro2008">Spiro 2008</a>, p. 47</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-Spiro_48-29"> <span class="reference-text"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ota_Benga#CITEREFSpiro2008">Spiro 2008</a>, p. 48</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-30"> <span class="reference-text">Smith (1998). See chapter on Ota Benga.</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-31"> <span class="reference-text"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ota_Benga#CITEREFBradfordBlume1992">Bradford & Blume 1992</a>, pp. 187–190</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-32"> <span class="reference-text"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ota_Benga#CITEREFBradfordBlume1992">Bradford & Blume 1992</a>, pp. 191–204</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-33"> <span class="reference-text"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ota_Benga#CITEREFBradfordBlume1992">Bradford & Blume 1992</a>, pp. 212–213</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-Spiro_49-34"> <span class="reference-text"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ota_Benga#CITEREFSpiro2008">Spiro 2008</a>, p. 49</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-35"> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a class="external text" href="http://www.encyclopediavirginia.org/Benga_Ota_ca_1883-1916" rel="nofollow">"Ota Benga"</a>. <i>Encyclopedia Virginia</i>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Ota+Benga&rft.btitle=Encyclopedia+Virginia&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.encyclopediavirginia.org%2FBenga_Ota_ca_1883-1916&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOta+Benga"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-36"> <span class="reference-text"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ota_Benga#CITEREFBradfordBlume1992">Bradford & Blume 1992</a>, p. 231</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-37"> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web cs1" id="CITEREFDoss2017">Doss, Catherine (September 12, 2017). <a class="external text" href="https://wset.com/news/local/man-caged-in-nyc-zoo-to-receive-historical-marker-in-lynchburg" rel="nofollow">"Man caged in NYC zoo to receive historical marker in Lynchburg"</a>. <i>WSET</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 18,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=WSET&rft.atitle=Man+caged+in+NYC+zoo+to+receive+historical+marker+in+Lynchburg&rft.date=2017-09-12&rft.aulast=Doss&rft.aufirst=Catherine&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwset.com%2Fnews%2Flocal%2Fman-caged-in-nyc-zoo-to-receive-historical-marker-in-lynchburg&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOta+Benga"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-38"> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news cs1" id="CITEREFLaurent2005">Laurent, Darrel (May 29, 2005). <a class="external text" href="https://www.newsadvance.com/news/local/" rel="nofollow">"Demeaned in Life, Forgotten in Death"</a>. The Lynchburg News & Advance<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 3,</span> 2006</span>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Demeaned+in+Life%2C+Forgotten+in+Death&rft.date=2005-05-29&rft.aulast=Laurent&rft.aufirst=Darrel&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.newsadvance.com%2Fnews%2Flocal%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOta+Benga"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-39"> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100817192756/http://www.broadwayplaypubl.com/OTABENGA.htm" rel="nofollow"><i><span></span></i>Ota Benga<i><span></span></i></a>. Broadway Plays. Archived from <a class="external text" href="http://www.broadwayplaypubl.com/otabenga.htm" rel="nofollow">the original</a> on August 17, 2010.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Ota+Benga&rft.pub=Broadway+Plays&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.broadwayplaypubl.com%2Fotabenga.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOta+Benga"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-40"> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20071102145744/http://www.fairfield.edu/pr_memdetails1.html" rel="nofollow">"Memorial details – Ben Halm"</a>. Fairfield University. Archived from <a class="external text" href="http://www.fairfield.edu/pr_memdetails1.html" rel="nofollow">the original</a> on November 2, 2007<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 6,</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Memorial+details+%E2%80%93+Ben+Halm&rft.pub=Fairfield+University&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.fairfield.edu%2Fpr_memdetails1.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOta+Benga"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-41"> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation audio-visual cs1">Alfeu França (2002). <i>Ota Benga:A Pygmy in America</i> (film).</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Ota+Benga%3AA+Pygmy+in+America&rft.date=2002&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOta+Benga"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-42"> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news cs1" id="CITEREFHornaday2009">Hornaday, Ann (January 3, 2009). <a class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2009/01/02/AR2009010202444.html" rel="nofollow">"Basest Instinct: Case of the Zoo Pygmy Exhibited a Familiar Face of Human Nature"</a>. <i>Washington Post</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 6,</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Washington+Post&rft.atitle=Basest+Instinct%3A+Case+of+the+Zoo+Pygmy+Exhibited+a+Familiar+Face+of+Human+Nature&rft.date=2009-01-03&rft.aulast=Hornaday&rft.aufirst=Ann&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtonpost.com%2Fwp-dyn%2Fcontent%2Farticle%2F2009%2F01%2F02%2FAR2009010202444.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOta+Benga"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-43"> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book cs1" id="CITEREFDay">Day, May. <a class="external text" href="http://www.allmusic.com/album/ota-benga-mw0002066253" rel="nofollow"><i>Ota Benga</i></a>. Allmusic.com.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Ota+Benga&rft.pub=Allmusic.com&rft.aulast=Day&rft.aufirst=May&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.allmusic.com%2Falbum%2Fota-benga-mw0002066253&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOta+Benga"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-44"> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a class="external text" href="http://www.otabengathedocumentaryfilm.com/" rel="nofollow">"Ota Benga: the Documentary Film"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 22,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Ota+Benga%3A+the+Documentary+Film&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.otabengathedocumentaryfilm.com%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOta+Benga"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-45"> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book cs1" id="CITEREFNewkirk,_Pamela2015">Newkirk, Pamela (June 2, 2015). <i>Spectacle: The Astonishing Life of Ota Benga</i>. Amistad. <a class="mw-redirect" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0062201003" title="Special:BookSources/978-0062201003"><bdi>978-0062201003</bdi></a>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Spectacle%3A+The+Astonishing+Life+of+Ota+Benga&rft.pub=Amistad&rft.date=2015-06-02&rft.isbn=978-0062201003&rft.au=Newkirk%2C+Pamela&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOta+Benga"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-46"> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation cs2"><a class="external text" href="http://www.radiodiaries.org/the-man-in-the-zoo/" rel="nofollow"><i>The Man in the Zoo</i></a>, Radio Diaries, March 25, 2016</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Man+in+the+Zoo&rft.pub=Radio+Diaries&rft.date=2016-03-25&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.radiodiaries.org%2Fthe-man-in-the-zoo%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOta+Benga"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-47"> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web cs1" id="CITEREFBryant">Bryant, Tyler. <a class="external text" href="https://www.uab.edu/cas/theatre/on-stage/current-season/savage" rel="nofollow">"UAB - CAS – Department of Theatre - Savage"</a>. <i><a class="mw-redirect" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/UAB" title="UAB">UAB</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 13,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=UAB&rft.atitle=UAB+-+CAS+%E2%80%93+Department+of+Theatre+-+Savage&rft.aulast=Bryant&rft.aufirst=Tyler&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.uab.edu%2Fcas%2Ftheatre%2Fon-stage%2Fcurrent-season%2Fsavage&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOta+Benga"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-48"> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a class="external text" href="https://wtfestival.org/main-events/a-human-being-of-a-sort/" rel="nofollow">"A Human Being, of a Sort"</a>. <i>Williamstown Theatre Festival</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 27,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Williamstown+Theatre+Festival&rft.atitle=A+Human+Being%2C+of+a+Sort&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwtfestival.org%2Fmain-events%2Fa-human-being-of-a-sort%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOta+Benga"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-49"> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news cs1" id="CITEREFJacobs2020">Jacobs, Julia (July 29, 2020). <a class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2020/07/29/arts/bronx-zoo-apology-racism.html" rel="nofollow">"Racist Incident From Bronx Zoo's Past Draws Apology"</a>. <i>The New York Times</i>. <a class="mw-redirect" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/issn/0362-4331" rel="nofollow">0362-4331</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 30,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Racist+Incident+From+Bronx+Zoo%27s+Past+Draws+Apology&rft.date=2020-07-29&rft.issn=0362-4331&rft.aulast=Jacobs&rft.aufirst=Julia&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2020%2F07%2F29%2Farts%2Fbronx-zoo-apology-racism.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOta+Benga"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-CBSLOCAL-50"> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a class="external text" href="https://newyork.cbslocal.com/2020/07/30/wcs-bronx-zoo-apologizes-for-disgraceful-treatment-of-ota-benga-african-man-displayed-in-monkey-house-114-years-ago/" rel="nofollow">"WCS Bronx Zoo Apologizes For 'Disgraceful' Treatment Of Ota Benga, African Man Displayed In Monkey House 114 Years Ago"</a>. July 30, 2020.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=WCS+Bronx+Zoo+Apologizes+For+%27Disgraceful%27+Treatment+Of+Ota+Benga%2C+African+Man+Displayed+In+Monkey+House+114+Years+Ago&rft.date=2020-07-30&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnewyork.cbslocal.com%2F2020%2F07%2F30%2Fwcs-bronx-zoo-apologizes-for-disgraceful-treatment-of-ota-benga-african-man-displayed-in-monkey-house-114-years-ago%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOta+Benga"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-51"> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book cs1" id="CITEREFWeaver2003">Weaver, Jace (2003). "When the Demons Came: (Retro)Spectacle among the Savages". In Kroeber, Karl; Kroeber, Clifton B. (eds.). <i>Ishi in Three Centuries</i>. Lincoln: <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/University_of_Nebraska_Press" title="University of Nebraska Press">University of Nebraska Press</a>. p. 41. <a class="mw-redirect" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8032-2757-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8032-2757-6"><bdi>978-0-8032-2757-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=When+the+Demons+Came%3A+%28Retro%29Spectacle+among+the+Savages&rft.btitle=Ishi+in+Three+Centuries&rft.place=Lincoln&rft.pages=41&rft.pub=University+of+Nebraska+Press&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=978-0-8032-2757-6&rft.aulast=Weaver&rft.aufirst=Jace&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOta+Benga"></span></span>
</li>
<div class="reflist"><div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"><li id="cite_note-52" value="50"> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book cs1" id="CITEREFKroeber,_KarlKroeber,_Clifton_B.2003">Kroeber, Karl; Kroeber, Clifton B., eds. (2003). <a class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=YFghGGXLJ7IC&pg=PA41" rel="nofollow"><i>Ishi in Three Centuries</i></a>. Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press. p. 41. <a class="mw-redirect" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0803227576" title="Special:BookSources/978-0803227576"><bdi>978-0803227576</bdi></a>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Ishi+in+Three+Centuries&rft.place=Lincoln&rft.pages=41&rft.pub=University+of+Nebraska+Press&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=978-0803227576&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DYFghGGXLJ7IC%26pg%3DPA41&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOta+Benga"></span></span>
</li></ol></div></div>
<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Bibliography" style="color: #04ff00;">Bibliography</span></h2><ul><li><cite class="citation book cs1" id="CITEREFAdams2001">Adams, Rachel (2001). <i>Sideshow U.S.A: Freaks and the American Cultural Imagination</i>. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. <a class="mw-redirect" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-226-00539-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-226-00539-3"><bdi>978-0-226-00539-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Sideshow+U.S.A%3A+Freaks+and+the+American+Cultural+Imagination&rft.place=Chicago&rft.pub=University+of+Chicago+Press&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=978-0-226-00539-3&rft.aulast=Adams&rft.aufirst=Rachel&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOta+Benga"></span></li><li><cite class="citation book cs1" id="CITEREFBradfordBlume1992">Bradford, Phillips Verner; Blume, Harvey (1992). <i>Ota Benga: The Pygmy in the Zoo</i>. New York: St. Martins Press. <a class="mw-redirect" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-312-08276-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-312-08276-5"><bdi>978-0-312-08276-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Ota+Benga%3A+The+Pygmy+in+the+Zoo&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=St.+Martins+Press&rft.date=1992&rft.isbn=978-0-312-08276-5&rft.aulast=Bradford&rft.aufirst=Phillips+Verner&rft.au=Blume%2C+Harvey&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOta+Benga"></span></li><li><cite class="citation book cs1" id="CITEREFMcCray2012">McCray, Carrie Allen (2012). Kevin Simmonds (ed.). <i>Ota Benga under My Mother's Roof</i>. Columbia: University of South Carolina Press. <a class="mw-redirect" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-61117-085-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-61117-085-6"><bdi>978-1-61117-085-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Ota+Benga+under+My+Mother%27s+Roof&rft.place=Columbia&rft.pub=University+of+South+Carolina+Press&rft.date=2012&rft.isbn=978-1-61117-085-6&rft.aulast=McCray&rft.aufirst=Carrie+Allen&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOta+Benga"></span></li><li><cite class="citation book cs1" id="CITEREFNewkirk2015">Newkirk, Pamela (2015). <i>Spectacle: The Astonishing Life of Ota Benga</i>. New York: Amistad. <a class="mw-redirect" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-06-220100-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-06-220100-3"><bdi>978-0-06-220100-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Spectacle%3A+The+Astonishing+Life+of+Ota+Benga&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Amistad&rft.date=2015&rft.isbn=978-0-06-220100-3&rft.aulast=Newkirk&rft.aufirst=Pamela&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOta+Benga"></span></li><li><cite class="citation book cs1" id="CITEREFParezoFowler2007">Parezo, Nancy J.; Fowler, Don D. (2007). <i>Anthropology Goes to the Fair: The 1904 Louisiana Purchase Exposition</i>. Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press. <a class="mw-redirect" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8032-3759-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8032-3759-9"><bdi>978-0-8032-3759-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Anthropology+Goes+to+the+Fair%3A+The+1904+Louisiana+Purchase+Exposition&rft.place=Lincoln&rft.pub=University+of+Nebraska+Press&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-0-8032-3759-9&rft.aulast=Parezo&rft.aufirst=Nancy+J.&rft.au=Fowler%2C+Don+D.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOta+Benga"></span></li><li><cite class="citation book cs1" id="CITEREFSmith1998">Smith, Ken (1998). <i>Raw Deal: Horrible and Ironic Stories of Forgotten Americans</i>. New York: <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blast_Books" title="Blast Books">Blast Books</a>. <a class="mw-redirect" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-922233-20-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-922233-20-5"><bdi>978-0-922233-20-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Raw+Deal%3A+Horrible+and+Ironic+Stories+of+Forgotten+Americans&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Blast+Books&rft.date=1998&rft.isbn=978-0-922233-20-5&rft.aulast=Smith&rft.aufirst=Ken&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOta+Benga"></span></li><li><cite class="citation book cs1" id="CITEREFSpiro2008">Spiro, Jonathan Peter (2008). <i>Defending the Master Race: Conservation, Eugenics, and the Legacy of Madison Grant</i>. Burlington: University of Vermont Press. pp. 43–51. <a class="mw-redirect" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-58465-715-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-58465-715-6"><bdi>978-1-58465-715-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Defending+the+Master+Race%3A+Conservation%2C+Eugenics%2C+and+the+Legacy+of+Madison+Grant&rft.place=Burlington&rft.pages=43-51&rft.pub=University+of+Vermont+Press&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=978-1-58465-715-6&rft.aulast=Spiro&rft.aufirst=Jonathan+Peter&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOta+Benga"></span></li></ul>
<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="External_links" style="color: #ffa400;">External links</span></h2><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox">
<div class="side-box-flex">
<div class="side-box-image"><img alt="" class="noviewer" data-file-height="1376" data-file-width="1024" height="40" src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" width="30" /></div>
<div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <a class="extiw" href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Ota_Benga" title="commons:Ota Benga"><span style="font-style: italic; font-weight: bold;">Ota Benga</span></a>.</div></div>
</div>
<ul><li><a class="external text" href="https://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=5787947" rel="nofollow">"From the Belgian Congo to the Bronx Zoo"</a>, September 8, 2006, <a class="mw-redirect" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Public_Radio" title="National Public Radio">National Public Radio</a></li><li><a class="external text" href="http://www.straightdope.com/columns/040220.html" rel="nofollow">Cecil Adams answer to "Are Pygmies really human?"</a>, <i><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Straight_Dope" title="The Straight Dope">The Straight Dope</a>,</i> February 20, 2004, discusses history of Ota Benga</li><li><a class="external text" href="http://www.otabenga.org" rel="nofollow">Ota Benga Alliance for Peace, Healing and Dignity</a>, Official Website</li><li><a class="external free" href="http://www.otabengathedocumentaryfilm.com" rel="nofollow">http://www.otabengathedocumentaryfilm.com</a></li></ul></div><p> </p>ΝΕΚΡΟΣ ΓΙΑ ΤΟΝ ΚΟΣΜΟhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/02509837341423212543noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2056303034280009991.post-32566791801563188752023-05-29T13:52:00.001-07:002023-05-29T13:52:41.163-07:00Η φρικτή ιστορία του Ota: Η «πολιτισμένη Δύση» τον εξέθετε μαζί με τους πιθήκους!<p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: small;"><br /></span></p>
<div class="post-header">
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<p></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: small;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhV5vLlUieZ8zTG6GTG5BFtISxmEfDpncVmMWjmjot6j7lYAnQGcx7IxvpcxuNwKHWGVsUET9G-GhFjrZz6_7HmHaqc7nMkJF-tD6xWBQvBVbNEtsYWWhFX7sReMHqUbv74ZwhUqsKO2A6MBKo5JgGZ7DZAprSvwgH7bwrtgpshZeBQgslNBbeZ_H7G/s639/Ota.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="358" data-original-width="639" height="358" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhV5vLlUieZ8zTG6GTG5BFtISxmEfDpncVmMWjmjot6j7lYAnQGcx7IxvpcxuNwKHWGVsUET9G-GhFjrZz6_7HmHaqc7nMkJF-tD6xWBQvBVbNEtsYWWhFX7sReMHqUbv74ZwhUqsKO2A6MBKo5JgGZ7DZAprSvwgH7bwrtgpshZeBQgslNBbeZ_H7G/w640-h358/Ota.jpg" width="640" /></a></span></div><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: small;"><br /><a href="https://yiorgosthalassis.blogspot.com/2023/05/ota.html">Έκτακτο παράρτημα</a> <br /></span><p></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: small;">Το 1904, ο Αφρικανός γηγενής Ota Benga απήχθη από το Κονγκό και
μεταφέρθηκε στις Ηνωμένες Πολιτείες, όπου εκτέθηκε σε ζωολογικό κήπο
δίπλα σε πιθήκους!<span><a name="more"></a></span></span></p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: small;">Η
τραγική ιστορία του αποκαλύπτει τις απαρχές της διαρκούς φυλετικής
προκατάληψης που αποκαλύπτει την απομάκρυνση της λεγόμενης πολιτισμένης
Δύσης από τις ρίζες του πολιτισμού. Την Αρχαία Ελλάδα και το Βυζάντιο!
Ακόμα και στις πιο μαύρες και δύσκολες εποχές της ιστορίας, ουδέποτε
υπήρξαν τέτοια φαινόμενα κτηνωδίας, όπου υπήρχαν Έλληνες ή ορθόδοξοι
χριστιανοί..</span><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: small;">Τη Δευτέρα, 10 Σεπτεμβρίου 1906, Αφροαμερικανοί που
είχαν κληθεί σε μια επείγουσα συνάντηση στην Εκκλησία των Βαπτιστών
Mount Olivet του Χάρλεμ εξέφρασαν την απύθμενη οργή τους. Σύμφωνα με
άρθρο των New York Times την προηγούμενη μέρα, ένας νεαρός Αφρικανός,
που αναφέρεται ως «πυγμαίος», φέρεται να είχε εκτεθεί στο κλουβί των
πιθήκων του μεγαλύτερου ζωολογικού κήπου της πόλης. Επρόκειτο για ένα
καθαρά διαφημιστικό άρθρο, ώστε να τραβήξει επισκέπτες στον ζωολογικό
κήπο όπου διαδραματιζόταν αυτό το αίσχος!</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: small;">Ο τίτλος της εφημερίδας
έγραφε: «Ο Μπούσμαν μοιράζεται ένα κλουβί με τους πιθήκους του Μπρονξ
Παρκ». Μεγάλα πλήθη, που αριθμούσαν έως και 500 άτομα, συγκεντρώθηκαν
στο κλουβί για να θαυμάσουν τον Ota Benga, έναν βραχύσωμο Αφρικανό.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: small;">Για
να προσελκύσει περισσότερους θεατές έπειτα από το αφιέρωμα των New York
Times, ο Benga μεταφέρθηκε από ένα μικρότερο κλουβί χιμπατζήδων σε ένα
πολύ μεγαλύτερο, κάνοντάς τον πιο «ορατό».</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: small;">Στον ίδιο περίβολο
τοποθετήθηκε και ένας ουρακοτάγκος με το όνομα Dohang. Ο Benga, που
φαινόταν πολύ νεότερος από την ηλικία των 23 ετών, καθόταν ακίνητος σε
ένα σκαμνί, κοιτάζοντας μέσα από τα κάγκελα καθώς τα πλήθη
συγκεντρώνονταν για να τον χλευάσουν.</span></p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: small;">Σαράντα
χρόνια μετά την κατάργηση της δουλείας στην Αμερική, οι Ζωολογικοί
Κήποι της Νέας Υόρκης παρουσίασαν ένα φανερά στενοχωρημένο Αφρικανό
αγόρι δίπλα σε γορίλες, υπογραμμίζοντας την ευάλωτη θέση των μαύρων
ακομμάτιστος και στην πρωτεύουσα της χώρας. Η παράσταση αντιμετωπίστηκε
με ενθουσιασμό από μέσα ενημέρωσης της Νέας Υόρκης, επιστήμονες,
δημόσιους αξιωματούχους και απλούς πολίτες, ενώ «Αφροαμερικανοί»
υπουργοί και μια χούφτα από φιλάνθρωπους λευκούς βρέθηκαν απομονωμένοι
απέναντι σε έναν τοίχο αδιαφορίας από τη λευκή κοινωνία.</span><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: small;">Μέχρι το
τέλος Σεπτεμβρίου, πάνω από 220.000 άτομα είχαν επισκεφθεί τον ζωολογικό
κήπο, διπλάσιος αριθμός σε σύγκριση με τον ίδιο μήνα του προηγούμενου
έτους. Σχεδόν όλοι κατευθύνθηκαν κατευθείαν στο σπίτι των πρωτευόντων
για να δουν τον Ota Benga. <b>Με την ευγενική χορηγία των New York Times!</b></span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: small;">Η
αιχμαλωσία του έγινε τελικά θέμα εθνικών και διεθνών πρωτοσέλιδων. Οι
Αφροαμερικανοί πάστορες το θεώρησαν ως μια συγκλονιστική μαρτυρία για
την υποτίμηση της ζωής τους από τους συμπατριώτες τους Αμερικανούς,
καθώς ένας δικός τους ζούσε ανάμεσα σε πιθήκους.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: small;">Όσο για τους New York Times; Προσπαθούν απεγνωσμένα να σβήσουν αυτό το σκοτεινό παρελθόν και την απανθρωπιά τους.</span></p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: small;"><a href="https://www.olympia.gr/1545079/viral/i-frikti-istoria-toy-ota-i-politismeni-dysi-ton-exethete-mazi-me-toys-pithikoys/" target="_blank">Ολυμπία</a></span>ΝΕΚΡΟΣ ΓΙΑ ΤΟΝ ΚΟΣΜΟhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/02509837341423212543noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2056303034280009991.post-3633074470529183102023-05-23T12:17:00.000-07:002023-05-23T12:17:10.774-07:006 facts about St Evmenios Saridakis (1999, May 23)<p> </p><p><span class="x193iq5w xeuugli x13faqbe x1vvkbs x1xmvt09 x1lliihq x1s928wv xhkezso x1gmr53x x1cpjm7i x1fgarty x1943h6x xudqn12 x3x7a5m x6prxxf xvq8zen xo1l8bm xzsf02u" dir="auto"></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: small;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhuDbyLZHa1FlOFsqVdAHWmtPclPvlD8BYpkPG2gcalFQydgoTWTfw1YVFvY6SPEov_PSb0xPFqJbr1cXbBkN3_EuaZszg1kUFXTWfpPYmoHX8tUiEYZ20mxn3PkvPSARWi0GCGJNHF_iyJ5C5C0k91b9Yp71zN4ETyU2eXCrgTPe8nwA8f59dS4pM1/s1200/6%20%CF%83%CF%84%CE%BF%CE%B9%CF%87%CE%B5%CE%AF%CE%B1%20%CE%B3%CE%B9%CE%B1%20%CF%84%CE%BF%CE%BD%20%CE%AC%CE%B3.%20%CE%95%CF%85%CE%BC%CE%AD%CE%BD%CE%B9%CE%BF%20%CE%A3%CE%B1%CF%81%CE%B9%CE%B4%CE%AC%CE%BA%CE%B7.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1200" data-original-width="1200" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhuDbyLZHa1FlOFsqVdAHWmtPclPvlD8BYpkPG2gcalFQydgoTWTfw1YVFvY6SPEov_PSb0xPFqJbr1cXbBkN3_EuaZszg1kUFXTWfpPYmoHX8tUiEYZ20mxn3PkvPSARWi0GCGJNHF_iyJ5C5C0k91b9Yp71zN4ETyU2eXCrgTPe8nwA8f59dS4pM1/w400-h400/6%20%CF%83%CF%84%CE%BF%CE%B9%CF%87%CE%B5%CE%AF%CE%B1%20%CE%B3%CE%B9%CE%B1%20%CF%84%CE%BF%CE%BD%20%CE%AC%CE%B3.%20%CE%95%CF%85%CE%BC%CE%AD%CE%BD%CE%B9%CE%BF%20%CE%A3%CE%B1%CF%81%CE%B9%CE%B4%CE%AC%CE%BA%CE%B7.jpg" width="400" /></a></span></div><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: small;"><br />From <a href="https://www.facebook.com/photo/?fbid=716333973835306&set=a.493406712794701">here</a> <br /></span><p></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: small;"><span class="x193iq5w xeuugli x13faqbe x1vvkbs x1xmvt09 x1lliihq x1s928wv xhkezso x1gmr53x x1cpjm7i x1fgarty x1943h6x xudqn12 x3x7a5m x6prxxf xvq8zen xo1l8bm xzsf02u" dir="auto">“A saint like Elder Evmenios comes along only once every two hundred years.”<br />- St Porphyrios of Kavsokalyvia</span></span></p>ΝΕΚΡΟΣ ΓΙΑ ΤΟΝ ΚΟΣΜΟhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/02509837341423212543noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2056303034280009991.post-60490760603456852532023-04-27T14:44:00.001-07:002023-04-27T14:44:11.556-07:00From Cameroon...
<span style="font-size: medium;"><iframe allow="accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share" allowfullscreen="" frameborder="0" height="315" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/OAljv7e0UDc" title="YouTube video player" width="560"></iframe></span>
<p><span style="font-family: georgia; font-size: medium;"><span style="color: #04ff00;">Please, see videos in</span> <br /></span></p><p><span style="font-family: georgia; font-size: medium;"><a class="yt-simple-endpoint style-scope yt-formatted-string" dir="auto" href="https://www.youtube.com/@orthodoxmissioncameroon4701" spellcheck="false">ORTHODOX MISSION CAMEROON</a></span></p><p><span style="font-family: georgia; font-size: medium;"><a class="yt-simple-endpoint style-scope ytd-video-owner-renderer" href="https://www.youtube.com/@agios-loukas-o-iatros" tabindex="-1"><img alt="" class="style-scope yt-img-shadow" draggable="false" id="img" src="https://yt3.ggpht.com/zxH28mJiV23n1GlmECfmmJz90oqCy4_UejU_oOsqPq1n2xnGxACdO53flGxucGlpYnE8rziSOw=s48-c-k-c0x00ffffff-no-rj" width="40" /></a></span></p><div class="style-scope ytd-video-owner-renderer" id="upload-info"><div class="style-scope ytd-channel-name" id="container">
<div class="style-scope ytd-channel-name" id="text-container">
<span style="font-family: georgia; font-size: medium;"><a class="yt-simple-endpoint style-scope yt-formatted-string" dir="auto" href="https://www.youtube.com/@agios-loukas-o-iatros" spellcheck="false">Άγιος Λουκάς ο Ιατρός</a></span>
</div></div></div><p><span style="font-family: georgia; font-size: medium;"> </span></p>ΝΕΚΡΟΣ ΓΙΑ ΤΟΝ ΚΟΣΜΟhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/02509837341423212543noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2056303034280009991.post-12630000188913933002023-04-25T02:27:00.004-07:002023-04-25T02:27:51.758-07:00 Saint Mark, the African Apostle & Evangelist, & st Anianus of Alexandria, the first disciple & successor of St Mark (April 25) <div class="separator"><p style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjsSsKGqnVduWd1kk_KpRXiBnQ_TV1jo9WsdaersNPRrCCkH1zieUcUEfXQKZEK-KR2D9TxfDIb_SMza8b6X5S-Pc5SmwQrpbP6oQYbfsSBkf4b5q-_WtHvKpVaZBwK3Wbj1y8Klav5lnY/s320/vasili-nesterenko-an-etude-for-apostle-and-evangelist-st-mark-1995-e1279126291913.jpg" /><span style="font-family: georgia; font-size: medium;"> <br /></span></p></div><p><span style="color: #04ff00; font-family: georgia; font-size: medium;">Click please: <span><br /></span></span></p><p><span style="font-family: georgia; font-size: medium;"><span><a href="http://grforafrica.blogspot.gr/2017/04/saint-apostle-evangelist-mark-from.html">Saint
Apostle & Evangelist Mark, from Cyrene of North Africa, the founder
of the Church of Alexandria (April 25 or Tuesday after Easter)</a></span></span></p><p><span style="font-family: georgia; font-size: medium;"><a href="http://grforafrica.blogspot.com/2018/04/saint-mark-african-apostle-evangelist.html">Saint Mark, the African Apostle & Evangelist, & st Anianus of
Alexandria, the first disciple & successor of St Mark (April 25)</a></span></p><p><span style="font-family: georgia; font-size: medium;"><a href="http://grforafrica.blogspot.com/2020/11/the-divine-liturgy-of-st-mark-at-tombs.html">THE DIVINE LITURGY OF ST MARK AT THE TOMBS OF SAINTS GABRIEL AND KYRMIDOLIS</a> </span></p><p><span style="font-family: georgia; font-size: medium;"><a href="https://www.stmarksacademy.co.za/">St Mark's Academy: Home</a></span></p><p>
<span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"><span><a href="http://ampelonas-trygetes.blogspot.gr/2017/04/the-thronal-feast-of-alexandrian-church.html">The
Thronal Feast of the Alexandrian Church: On 25th April 2017 it is the
Feast Day of Saint Mark, the Disciple and Evangelist, Archbishop of the
great city of Alexandria, first of its Bishops and Preacher of the
Christian Faith in Africa</a></span></span></span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;"><a href="http://grforafrica.blogspot.com/2018/04/the-mystery-of-touch-of-saint-thomas.html"><span style="font-family: georgia;">The Mystery of the Touch of Saint Thomas and the Empirical Experience of the (Orthodox) Church</span></a></span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"><span></span> </span><br /></span></p><p>
</p>ΝΕΚΡΟΣ ΓΙΑ ΤΟΝ ΚΟΣΜΟhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/02509837341423212543noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2056303034280009991.post-1654125416200888622023-04-19T15:00:00.002-07:002023-04-19T15:00:32.611-07:00 H Σταύρωση της Αφρικής<p style="text-align: center;"><span style="color: red; font-family: georgia; font-size: large;">Ο τεράστιος πλούτος της Μαύρης Ηπείρου έγινε πλούτος της Δύσης και δική της τραγωδία </span><span style="font-family: georgia; font-size: large;"><br /></span></p><p>
</p><div class="kd-author"> </div><div class="kd-author"><span style="font-size: small;"><a href="https://kosmodromio.gr/author/dkonst/" rel="author" title="Posts by Δημήτρης Κωνσταντακόπουλος"><span style="font-family: verdana;">Δημήτρης Κωνσταντακόπουλος</span></a></span><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: small;"> <span style="color: #04ff00;">/</span> <a href="https://kosmodromio.gr/2023/04/14/h-%cf%83%cf%84%ce%b1%cf%8d%cf%81%cf%89%cf%83%ce%b7-%cf%84%ce%b7%cf%82-%ce%b1%cf%86%cf%81%ce%b9%ce%ba%ce%ae%cf%82/?fbclid=IwAR1gnR8-TH3AIblgPLOof9U7Mli3cbBh-vvMT_ZsLAAyKaSH3uZ9RZpDko8">kosmodromio.gr</a></span></div><p><span class="x193iq5w xeuugli x13faqbe x1vvkbs x1xmvt09 x1lliihq x1s928wv xhkezso x1gmr53x x1cpjm7i x1fgarty x1943h6x x4zkp8e x676frb x1nxh6w3 x1sibtaa xo1l8bm xi81zsa x1yc453h" dir="auto" style="font-family: verdana; font-size: small;"><span id=":r4l:"><span><span class="x4k7w5x x1h91t0o x1h9r5lt xv2umb2 x1beo9mf xaigb6o x12ejxvf x3igimt xarpa2k xedcshv x1lytzrv x1t2pt76 x7ja8zs x1qrby5j x1jfb8zj"><a aria-label="22 ώρ." class="x1i10hfl xjbqb8w x6umtig x1b1mbwd xaqea5y xav7gou x9f619 x1ypdohk xt0psk2 xe8uvvx xdj266r x11i5rnm xat24cr x1mh8g0r xexx8yu x4uap5 x18d9i69 xkhd6sd x16tdsg8 x1hl2dhg xggy1nq x1a2a7pz x1heor9g xt0b8zv xo1l8bm" href="https://www.facebook.com/permalink.php?story_fbid=pfbid0jeXZ7ZANkGbNzgHVtcEXTMDi4r9JZP4gpaUYEwxvdEEYXnMGFWapRXLgL85DGVn6l&id=100063521921459&__cft__[0]=AZUBwAqfTWGcye7I_39Zrm6Ys78J3fxdBawBeoZYwvmAL-t0kNbmyGp1p5bVcWEv9Am-SAeMt5wiNzSGzOG1NcVh0I6P9JAnxM85HOmGDODayvh7jdsbZRjcvvYCL8vujJTUXhtBcZo3B__xfvd36vgqbPgWXj2cVmtLrjcZCOgv-PgHWweqOqJceVITqJS0oQ8&__tn__=%2CO%2CP-R" role="link" tabindex="0"><span>Orthodox Metropolis of Zambia</span></a></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: small;"> <br /></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiQGCLshJndYG9F2HjlCB3lDNHp5x-tM1jVcpgVObkq65bRAODuVG7yOuTxcbmjrVwbiZXLYriX_ELnbK3FqFcijECYEQlZ1Ibiga6NpS8xXtGu7J_qMIlYCrAGLGrHPRCJzn9gbATZozo2qjAxxQSzerQaTgMj95MkbmwIK0U3gAH3IDxfBp6BieHo/s500/stayrosi%20afrikis.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="261" data-original-width="500" height="334" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiQGCLshJndYG9F2HjlCB3lDNHp5x-tM1jVcpgVObkq65bRAODuVG7yOuTxcbmjrVwbiZXLYriX_ELnbK3FqFcijECYEQlZ1Ibiga6NpS8xXtGu7J_qMIlYCrAGLGrHPRCJzn9gbATZozo2qjAxxQSzerQaTgMj95MkbmwIK0U3gAH3IDxfBp6BieHo/w640-h334/stayrosi%20afrikis.jpg" width="640" /></a></div><br /><span style="font-family: verdana;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="color: #ffa400;"><i>«Ο λαός σου δεν μπορεί άλλο, Κύριε,<br />Αντί πετρελαίου και αερίου<br />Πουλάνε τη χώρα μας»</i><br />Azagaia, “Vendem o Pais,” («Πουλάνε τη χώρα μας»)</span></span></span><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: small;">Σε προηγούμενο <a href="https://kosmodromio.gr/2023/04/08/%CE%BC%CE%B1%CE%B4%CE%B1%CE%B3%CE%B1%CF%83%CE%BA%CE%AC%CF%81%CE%B7-%CE%B1%CF%80%CF%8C-%CF%84%CE%BF%CE%BD-%CE%BA%CF%85%CE%BA%CE%BB%CF%8E%CE%BD%CE%B1-freddy-%CF%83%CF%84%CE%B9%CF%82-%CE%B5/" rel="noreferrer noopener" target="_blank">άρθρο</a> αναφερθήκαμε
στην περίπτωση της Μαδαγασκάρης, μιας πάμφτωχης πρώην αποικίας της
Γαλλίας, που τώρα, δίπλα στα άλλα τεράστια προβλήματά της έχει να
αντιμετωπίσει και την κλιματική αλλαγή – και στην οποία η ελληνική
κυβέρνηση εξήγαγε, για λογαριασμό του Ισραήλ, το κακόβουλο
λογισμικό Predator.</span></p>
<p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: small;">Η Μαδαγασκάρη νίκησε τους Γάλλους στρατιωτικά τον 19<sup>ο</sup> αιώνα,
όταν πρωτοπήγαν να την κατακτήσουν, αλλά το Παρίσι τους πήρε πίσω την
ανεξαρτησία τους με οικονομικά μέσα, υποχρεώνοντάς τους μάλιστα να
καταβάλλουν πολεμικές αποζημιώσεις. Μια ιστορία κάπως παρόμοια,
τηρουμένων των αναλογιών, με την ημι-ακύρωση της Ελληνικής Επανάστασης,
μέσω των «δανείων της Ανεξαρτησίας» (που μάλλον της εξάρτησης θά ’πρεπε
να ονομάζονται) και που η οργάνωσή τους έχει κατά καιρούς αποδοθεί στους
Ρότσιλντ, χωρίς όμως να αποδειχθεί αυτό.</span></p>
<p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: small;">Κάποια στιγμή οι Γάλλοι έκαναν τη Μαδαγασκάρη και επίσημα αποικία
τους, οι ντόπιοι όμως μάλλον δεν το βρήκαν αυτό πολύ του γούστου τους
και όλο και ξεσηκώνονταν. Η καταστολή των εξεγέρσεων αυτών προκάλεσε,
ανάλογα με τις πηγές, από εκατό έως επτακόσιες χιλιάδες νεκρούς. Η
τελευταία μεγάλη σφαγή που έκαναν οι Γάλλοι στο νησί ήταν το 1947, με
40.000 νεκρούς.</span></p>
<figure class="wp-block-image size-large"><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: small;"><img alt="" class="wp-image-298622" height="267" src="https://kosmodromio.gr/wp-content/uploads/2023/04/africa-1024x683.jpg" width="400" /></span></figure>
<h2><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: small;"><b><span style="color: #04ff00;">Νεοαποικιοκρατία</span></b></span></h2>
<p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: small;">Το νησί κέρδισε τελικά την ανεξαρτησία του, αλλά, όπως και σε πολλές
άλλες αφρικανικές και ασιατικές χώρες, η αποικιοκρατία αντικαταστάθηκε
απλώς από τη νεοαποικιοκρατία, με τους δυτικούς και ιδίως τους Γάλλους
να εκμεταλλεύονται ανελέητα μέχρι και σήμερα τον πλούτο της χώρας και τη
δουλειά των ανθρώπων της, όπως συμβαίνει σχεδόν σε όλη την Αφρική.</span></p>
<p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: small;">Σε πολλές μάλιστα χώρες, τα εθνικοαπελευθερωτικά κινήματα που έδωσαν
πολύχρονες, άφθαστου ηρωισμού μάχες κατά των ξένων, εκφυλίστηκαν, ενίοτε
φτάνοντας μέχρι του σημείου να γίνουν τα ίδια φορείς της
νέο-αποικιοκρατίας.</span></p>
<p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: small;">Θυμάμαι τον Μιχάλη Ράπτη-Pablo, κύριο, και για μια ολόκληρη περίοδο μοναδικό διεθνώς, υποστηρικτή, ως ηγέτη τότε της 4<sup>ης</sup> Διεθνούς, με κάθε δυνατό μέσο, περιλαμβανομένου του εφοδιασμού και της κατασκευής ακόμα όπλων, της <a href="https://www.ebooks.gr/gr/%CF%84%CE%BF-%CE%B1%CE%BF%CF%81%CE%B1%CF%84%CE%BF-%CE%B5%CF%81%CE%B3%CE%BF%CF%83%CF%84%CE%B1%CF%83%CE%B9%CE%BF-%CF%84%CE%B7%CF%82-%CE%B5%CF%80%CE%B1%CE%BD%CE%B1%CF%83%CF%84%CE%B1%CF%83%CE%B7%CF%82-1959-1962-399684.html" rel="noreferrer noopener" target="_blank">Αλγερινής Επανάστασης</a>,
να μου λέει πόση έκπληξη ένοιωσε όταν είδε μπαρουτοκαπνισμένους
καπετάνιους του αλγερινού FLN (ΕΑΜ) να κυκλοφορούν επιδεικτικά
μεταμορφωμένοι έξι μήνες αργότερα με τις πολυτελείς κούρσες τους και να
διάγουν βίο προυχόντων. Την ίδια έκπληξη που ένοιωσα και εγώ όταν ο
θυρωρός του κρατικού θεάτρου του Ζάγκρεμπ, περήφανος αυτός, με οδήγησε
στο ειδικό θεωρείο που κρατούσε, όπως οι βασιλιάδες του παλιού καιρού, ο
Τίτο, αρχηγός ενός από τα μεγαλύτερα επαναστατικά κινήματα της Ευρώπης,
των παρτιζάνων της Γιουγκοσλαβίας.</span></p>
<p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: small;">Μερικές φορές οι ξένες υπηρεσίες έβαλαν και το χεράκι τους βέβαια να
ευνοήσουν αυτή τη μετάλλαξη των ηγεσιών των εθνικοαπελευθερωτικών
κινημάτων. Ενδεχομένως τον ρόλο αυτό έπαιξαν στην Αλγερία, σύμφωνα με
ορισμένες φήμες, που δεν γνωρίζω όμως αν ευσταθούν, οι υπηρεσίες της
Δυτικής Γερμανίας στο πραξικόπημα με το οποίο αντικαταστάθηκε ο πρώτος
πρόεδρος Μπεν Μπέλα από τον αρχηγό του στρατού Μπουμεντιέν.</span></p>
<h2><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: small;"><b><span style="color: red;">Μοζαμβίκη</span></b></span></h2>
<p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: small;">Ο τυφώνας Freddy έπληξε άγρια και τη Μοζαμβίκη, όπου μάλιστα, κατά
μία σατανική σύμπτωση, όλα αυτά συνέπεσαν με τον θάνατο του μεγάλου hip
hop καλλιτέχνη Azagaia, ειδώλου στη χώρα του, αλλά και σε όλες τις χώρες
που μιλούν τα πορτογαλικά. Αυτός ήταν που τραγουδούσε</span></p>
<blockquote class="wp-block-quote"><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: small;"><i>Ο λαός σου δεν μπορεί άλλο, Κύριε</i><br /><i>Αντί πετρελαίου και αερίου πουλάνε τη χώρα μας</i></span></p></blockquote>
<p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: small;">στίχους στο εμβληματικό τραγούδι του «Vendem o Pais», («Πουλάνε τη
χώρα»). Πολύ δημοφιλής στη χώρα του, τόσο στη νεολαία όσο και στους πιο
ηλικιωμένους, ο Azagaia έμπηγε το μαχαίρι στις μεγάλες πληγές των
αποτελεσμάτων της κλιματικής αλλαγής, αλλά και της κοινωνικής και
πολιτικής πραγματικότητας της χώρας του και της Αφρικής. Ο θάνατός του
έβγαλε εκατομμύρια στους δρόμους και η κυβέρνηση της Μοζαμβίκης απάντησε
με σκληρή καταστολή.</span></p><p>
<span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: small;"><iframe allow="accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share" allowfullscreen="" frameborder="0" height="315" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/X-1eH3L-TK0" title="YouTube video player" width="560"></iframe> </span></p><h2><span style="color: red; font-family: verdana; font-size: small;"><b>Αμερική, Ρωσία, Κίνα και παναφρικανισμός</b></span></h2>
<p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: small;">Δώσαμε παραπάνω μια εκλεκτική και πολύ περιορισμένη ασφαλώς, αλλά
χαρακτηριστική εικόνα μερικών από τα πολλά και τεράστια προβλήματα που
ταλανίζουν τη Μαύρη Ήπειρο, που τόσο συχνά το άφθονο αίμα των λαών της
από Μαύρη την έβαψε Κόκκινη. Ο τεράστιος πλούτος της έγινε πλούτος της
Δύσης και δική της τραγωδία.</span></p>
<p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: small;">Φυσικό είναι, σε αυτές τις συνθήκες, και τα λαϊκά κινήματα της
ηπείρου, αλλά και πολλές κυβερνήσεις να βλέπουν με ευνοϊκό μάτι την
είσοδο της Κίνας στην περιοχή και την επάνοδο της Ρωσίας, ενώ κερδίζει
όλο και περισσότερο έδαφος η ιδέα περιφερειακών συσπειρώσεων και το
ευρύτερο όραμα του παναφρικανισμού.</span></p>
<p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: small;">Η απάντηση των Αμερικανών στην πρόκληση αυτή είναι κυρίως η γενίκευση
των επεμβάσεων της CIA και της ιδιαίτερα δραστήριας και επιθετικής, σε
όλη την ήπειρο, AFRICOM, της διοίκησης των αμερικανικών ενόπλων δυνάμεων
για την Αφρική, επεμβάσεις στις οποίες σπανιότατα αναφέρεται ο δυτικός
τύπος. Και το να δίνουν μαθήματα στους Αφρικάνους πώς να αποφεύγουν τις
συνεργασίες με τους Κινέζους και τους Ρώσους.</span></p>
<p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: small;">Μόνο που οι καιροί έχουν αλλάξει. Της τά ’παν έξω από τα δόντια της
Αμερικανίδας αντιπροέδρου Κάμαλα Χάρις οι ηγέτες των χωρών που
επισκέφθηκε πρόσφατα. Όσο για τον πρόεδρο της Αφρικανικής Ένωσης,
εξήγησε με τα ακόλουθα λόγια τη θέση των Αφρικανών: «Όταν μιλάμε, συχνά
δε μας ακούνε ή πάντως δεν ενδιαφέρονται για το τι λέμε. Αυτό είναι που
θέλουμε να αλλάξουμε. Και να μη μας λέει κανένας: μη δουλεύετε με τον
ένα ή με τον άλλο. Θέλουμε να δουλεύουμε και να εμπορευόμαστε με όλους» (<a href="https://www.defenddemocracy.press/why-africa-chose-china/" rel="noreferrer noopener" target="_blank">Why Africa Chose China | Defend Democracy Press</a>).</span></p>
<p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: small;">Αν η ανάκτηση ή η απώλεια της αξιοπρέπειας είναι επίσης και ένας
δείκτης για το ποιος έχει ή δεν έχει μέλλον, η Αφρική και ο μη δυτικός
κόσμος ανεβαίνουν, η Ευρώπη (και η Ελλάδα μαζί της) πέφτει. Έστω και αν
ξεκινάνε από πολύ διαφορετικά, προς το παρόν, επίπεδα.</span></p>
<p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: small;">Μακάρι να είχαμε και εμείς καναν πολιτικό σαν αυτούς που εμφανίζονται τώρα στη Μαύρη Ήπειρο. Πού τέτοια τύχη όμως;</span></p>
<p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: small;"><i>Υ.Γ.: Στο <a href="https://kosmodromio.gr/2023/04/01/%CE%B5%CF%85%CF%81%CF%89%CF%80%CE%B1%CE%AF%CE%BF%CE%B9-%CE%B1%CE%BD%CE%B8%CF%81%CF%89%CF%80%CE%BF%CF%86%CE%AC%CE%B3%CE%BF%CE%B9/" rel="noreferrer noopener" target="_blank">άρθρο</a> μας
για τις κυρώσεις στη Ρωσία και στη Λευκορωσία, παραλείψαμε κάτι
ουσιώδες. Τα ευρωπαϊκά κράτη έχουν μπλοκάρει 350.000 τόνους λιπάσματα
που προορίζονται για φτωχές αφρικανικές χώρες, παρά το γεγονός ότι η
Ρωσία έχει δηλώσει ότι τα χαρίζει και, επομένως δεν θα έχει εισοδήματα
από αυτά. Ταυτόχρονα όμως οι Ευρωπαίοι έχουν άρει τις κυρώσεις για
εισαγωγές ρωσικών λιπασμάτων προς τις ίδιες, παρά το ότι από αυτές
κερδίζει η Ρωσία, γιατί χρειάζονται τα λιπάσματα. Τι κι αν πεθάνουν
μερικοί ακόμα Αφρικάνοι; Μαύροι είναι άλλωστε, όχι άνθρωποι.</i><i></i></span></p><p>
<span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: small;"><span><a href="https://kosmodromio.gr/tag/%ce%bd%ce%b5%ce%bf%ce%b1%cf%80%ce%bf%ce%b9%ce%ba%ce%b9%ce%bf%ce%ba%cf%81%ce%b1%cf%84%ce%af%ce%b1/">#νεοαποικιοκρατία</a></span><span><a href="https://kosmodromio.gr/tag/%ce%91%cf%86%cf%81%ce%b9%ce%ba%ce%ae/">#Αφρική</a></span></span></p>ΝΕΚΡΟΣ ΓΙΑ ΤΟΝ ΚΟΣΜΟhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/02509837341423212543noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2056303034280009991.post-59150374798912796142023-04-19T05:21:00.006-07:002023-04-19T05:24:21.285-07:00Orthodox Easter (Pascha) 2023 in Zambia & Mozambique / La fête de la Résurrection du Christ, Kananga<div class="x1iorvi4 x1pi30zi x1swvt13 x1l90r2v" data-ad-comet-preview="message" data-ad-preview="message" id=":r6r:"><div class="x78zum5 xdt5ytf xz62fqu x16ldp7u"><div class="xu06os2 x1ok221b"><span style="font-size: small;"><span class="x193iq5w xeuugli x13faqbe x1vvkbs x1xmvt09 x1lliihq x1s928wv xhkezso x1gmr53x x1cpjm7i x1fgarty x1943h6x xudqn12 x3x7a5m x6prxxf xvq8zen xo1l8bm xzsf02u x1yc453h" dir="auto" lang="pt"><div class="x11i5rnm xat24cr x1mh8g0r x1vvkbs xdj266r x126k92a"><div dir="auto" style="text-align: start;"><div class="x1iyjqo2"><div class="x78zum5 xdt5ytf xz62fqu x16ldp7u"><div class="xu06os2 x1ok221b"><span class="x193iq5w xeuugli x13faqbe x1vvkbs x1xmvt09 x1lliihq x1s928wv xhkezso x1gmr53x x1cpjm7i x1fgarty x1943h6x x4zkp8e x676frb x1nxh6w3 x1sibtaa xo1l8bm xi81zsa x1yc453h" dir="auto"><span id=":r6q:"><span><span class="x4k7w5x x1h91t0o x1h9r5lt xv2umb2 x1beo9mf xaigb6o x12ejxvf x3igimt xarpa2k xedcshv x1lytzrv x1t2pt76 x7ja8zs x1qrby5j x1jfb8zj"><span><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiZf8RA_uNb0pL9c01Mee8KLZigKvr7sJPKLfR5MEpDItWeBs9_yi8b_Q-bL78exdVW2hsFMmyTDr1rzWa8aYwF970bfEGsAa4UU7QKQyFDnW2prIVZKrEhESXvcQD52AEZbumKh_wN5sXSJ9C-izW-jnP4I_i7FT4xbYOUTQrERh-J1PlldPtHpOo8/s1156/Zambia,%20Easter%202023%20Maputo%202.jpg" style="font-family: verdana; margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="866" data-original-width="1156" height="300" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiZf8RA_uNb0pL9c01Mee8KLZigKvr7sJPKLfR5MEpDItWeBs9_yi8b_Q-bL78exdVW2hsFMmyTDr1rzWa8aYwF970bfEGsAa4UU7QKQyFDnW2prIVZKrEhESXvcQD52AEZbumKh_wN5sXSJ9C-izW-jnP4I_i7FT4xbYOUTQrERh-J1PlldPtHpOo8/w400-h300/Zambia,%20Easter%202023%20Maputo%202.jpg" width="400" /></a></div><span style="font-family: verdana;"><br /></span></span></span></span></span></span></div><div class="xu06os2 x1ok221b"><span class="x193iq5w xeuugli x13faqbe x1vvkbs x1xmvt09 x1lliihq x1s928wv xhkezso x1gmr53x x1cpjm7i x1fgarty x1943h6x x4zkp8e x676frb x1nxh6w3 x1sibtaa xo1l8bm xi81zsa x1yc453h" dir="auto" style="font-family: verdana;"><span id=":r6q:"><span><span class="x4k7w5x x1h91t0o x1h9r5lt xv2umb2 x1beo9mf xaigb6o x12ejxvf x3igimt xarpa2k xedcshv x1lytzrv x1t2pt76 x7ja8zs x1qrby5j x1jfb8zj"><a aria-label="2 ημ." class="x1i10hfl xjbqb8w x6umtig x1b1mbwd xaqea5y xav7gou x9f619 x1ypdohk xt0psk2 xe8uvvx xdj266r x11i5rnm xat24cr x1mh8g0r xexx8yu x4uap5 x18d9i69 xkhd6sd x16tdsg8 x1hl2dhg xggy1nq x1a2a7pz x1heor9g xt0b8zv xo1l8bm" href="https://www.facebook.com/permalink.php?story_fbid=pfbid0ZcKywu2jmVAfjLNmRu8haPbRPNAx6fB6pxpWEpv4eYj86y6EXE9eAhDvSvKqPBjjl&id=100063521921459&__cft__[0]=AZVRV--PzE0bdGWGzS9JpDAXJE9CvTwh_LYGB3xVpmYF2eGvqqEhW1JdJOpyKzmgK1q9hmfIyfNiCBcvuZrw_KMoG1NKNHEEX0moLq0lMukXHYXYA1Vpv3Eu1fDNh9pzDCmUcb40UcodrCxGYZgrDhwk4i2U8aIp-vps163_JVoJbZAZT7uUo9hD_22kTHjdizs&__tn__=%2CO%2CP-R" role="link" tabindex="0"><span>Orthodox Metropolis of Zambia</span></a></span></span><span class="xh99ass"><span><span aria-hidden="true"></span></span></span><span class="xuxw1ft"><span class="x4k7w5x x1h91t0o x1h9r5lt xv2umb2 x1beo9mf xaigb6o x12ejxvf x3igimt xarpa2k xedcshv x1lytzrv x1t2pt76 x7ja8zs x1qrby5j x1jfb8zj"><span class="x1rg5ohu x1n2onr6 xs7f9wi"><svg class="x1lliihq x1k90msu x2h7rmj x1qfuztq xcza8v6 x1kpxq89 xsmyaan" fill="currentColor" height="1em" title="Κοινοποιήθηκε στους εξής: Δημόσια" viewbox="0 0 16 16" width="1em"><g fill-rule="evenodd" transform="translate(-448 -544)"><g></g></g></svg></span></span></span></span></span></div></div></div><span class="x193iq5w xeuugli x13faqbe x1vvkbs x1xmvt09 x1lliihq x1s928wv xhkezso x1gmr53x x1cpjm7i x1fgarty x1943h6x xudqn12 x3x7a5m x6prxxf xvq8zen xo1l8bm xzsf02u" dir="auto" style="font-family: verdana;"><span class="x193iq5w xeuugli x13faqbe x1vvkbs x1xmvt09 x6prxxf xvq8zen xo1l8bm xzsf02u x1yc453h"><div dir="auto" style="text-align: start;"><span class="x193iq5w xeuugli x13faqbe x1vvkbs x1xmvt09 x1lliihq x1s928wv xhkezso x1gmr53x x1cpjm7i x1fgarty x1943h6x x4zkp8e x676frb x1nxh6w3 x1sibtaa xo1l8bm xi81zsa x1yc453h" dir="auto"><span><span><span class="x4k7w5x x1h91t0o x1h9r5lt xv2umb2 x1beo9mf xaigb6o x12ejxvf x3igimt xarpa2k xedcshv x1lytzrv x1t2pt76 x7ja8zs x1qrby5j x1jfb8zj"><a aria-label="3 ημ." class="x1i10hfl xjbqb8w x6umtig x1b1mbwd xaqea5y xav7gou x9f619 x1ypdohk xt0psk2 xe8uvvx xdj266r x11i5rnm xat24cr x1mh8g0r xexx8yu x4uap5 x18d9i69 xkhd6sd x16tdsg8 x1hl2dhg xggy1nq x1a2a7pz x1heor9g xt0b8zv xo1l8bm" href="https://www.facebook.com/photo/?fbid=697430845717640&set=a.512989190828474&__tn__=%2CO*F" role="link" tabindex="0"><span>Photos</span></a></span></span></span></span></div><div dir="auto" style="text-align: start;"><span class="x193iq5w xeuugli x13faqbe x1vvkbs x1xmvt09 x1lliihq x1s928wv xhkezso x1gmr53x x1cpjm7i x1fgarty x1943h6x x4zkp8e x676frb x1nxh6w3 x1sibtaa xo1l8bm xi81zsa x1yc453h" dir="auto"><span><span class="xh99ass"><span><span aria-hidden="true"> </span></span></span></span></span></div></span></span></div><div dir="auto" style="text-align: start;"><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgrUm77sT2ORBIYE0iv7tj_7CKLlMJ3I1Wio2m1fHXIhx6uxWCaiUH6e-4KIWB6E8Cg5u2XKFhop3vO433IY1jQ61WpvcOv3kN0Ko0vEWMOBN8ifj4x61-g7qF_cX-Xs5ZuziOoYfv2nGXsfu5tjnjJTMiVwCyOehpZWF-omnYT0tLALbKujrpk1WTZ/s960/Zambia,%20Easter%202023%204.jpg" style="clear: right; float: right; font-family: verdana; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="960" data-original-width="539" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgrUm77sT2ORBIYE0iv7tj_7CKLlMJ3I1Wio2m1fHXIhx6uxWCaiUH6e-4KIWB6E8Cg5u2XKFhop3vO433IY1jQ61WpvcOv3kN0Ko0vEWMOBN8ifj4x61-g7qF_cX-Xs5ZuziOoYfv2nGXsfu5tjnjJTMiVwCyOehpZWF-omnYT0tLALbKujrpk1WTZ/s320/Zambia,%20Easter%202023%204.jpg" width="180" /></a></div><span style="font-family: verdana;">Christ is Risen </span></div></div><div class="x11i5rnm xat24cr x1mh8g0r x1vvkbs xtlvy1s x126k92a"><div dir="auto" style="text-align: start;"><span style="font-family: verdana;">Páscoa Ortodoxa ::Maputo Mozambique!</span></div></div><div class="x11i5rnm xat24cr x1mh8g0r x1vvkbs xtlvy1s x126k92a"><div dir="auto" style="text-align: start;"><span style="font-family: verdana;">Cristo ressuscitou dos mortos,</span></div><div dir="auto" style="text-align: start;"><span style="font-family: verdana;"><span></span>venceu a morte com a morte,</span></div><div dir="auto" style="text-align: start;"><span style="font-family: verdana;">aos que estavam no túmulo</span></div><div dir="auto" style="text-align: start;"><span style="font-family: verdana;">Cristo deu a Vida!</span></div></div></span></span></div></div></div><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: small;"><span class="x193iq5w xeuugli x13faqbe x1vvkbs x1xmvt09 x1lliihq x1s928wv xhkezso x1gmr53x x1cpjm7i x1fgarty x1943h6x xudqn12 x3x7a5m x6prxxf xvq8zen xo1l8bm xzsf02u" dir="auto"><div class="x78zum5 xdt5ytf xz62fqu x16ldp7u"><div class="xu06os2 x1ok221b"><span class="x193iq5w xeuugli x13faqbe x1vvkbs x1xmvt09 x6prxxf xvq8zen xo1l8bm xzsf02u x1yc453h"><div class="x11i5rnm xat24cr x1mh8g0r x1vvkbs xdj266r x126k92a"><div dir="auto" style="text-align: start;">Χριστός Ανέστη</div></div><div class="x11i5rnm xat24cr x1mh8g0r x1vvkbs xtlvy1s x126k92a"><div dir="auto" style="text-align: start;"> </div><div dir="auto" style="text-align: start;">Ορθόδοξο Πάσχα :: Maputo Mozambique!</div></div><div class="x11i5rnm xat24cr x1mh8g0r x1vvkbs xtlvy1s x126k92a"><div dir="auto" style="text-align: start;">Χριστός αναστήθηκε εκ νεκρών,</div><div dir="auto" style="text-align: start;">Έχει <span></span>ξεπεράσει τον θάνατο με θάνατο,</div><div dir="auto" style="text-align: start;">εκείνα που ήταν στον τάφο</div><div dir="auto" style="text-align: start;">Ο Χριστός έδωσε τη Ζωή!</div></div></span></div></div></span></span><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: small;"><span class="x193iq5w xeuugli x13faqbe x1vvkbs x1xmvt09 x1lliihq x1s928wv xhkezso x1gmr53x x1cpjm7i x1fgarty x1943h6x x4zkp8e x676frb x1nxh6w3 x1sibtaa xo1l8bm xi81zsa x1yc453h" dir="auto"><span id=":r7d:"><span><span class="x4k7w5x x1h91t0o x1h9r5lt xv2umb2 x1beo9mf xaigb6o x12ejxvf x3igimt xarpa2k xedcshv x1lytzrv x1t2pt76 x7ja8zs x1qrby5j x1jfb8zj"><span> <br /></span></span></span></span></span></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: small;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiSERGI3UHu0VUDR_LvyKx4RYGJcCZjnryDNXBZHQd_2fSoFH5CvnMjlMhQ6CKV_lIwAzh_XisrKCoj7Ok0HLKXUQSNIDgfLw4MzuCSpE9ojfP5H7Q6JqYvqR-k-AeYgD4Oz13TrAYwV8vLripHo37FOgL6bh3WTGEmtiIWHSdKT2EsOrKrkfQg-6rs/s1280/Zambia,%20Easter%202023%203.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1280" data-original-width="960" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiSERGI3UHu0VUDR_LvyKx4RYGJcCZjnryDNXBZHQd_2fSoFH5CvnMjlMhQ6CKV_lIwAzh_XisrKCoj7Ok0HLKXUQSNIDgfLw4MzuCSpE9ojfP5H7Q6JqYvqR-k-AeYgD4Oz13TrAYwV8vLripHo37FOgL6bh3WTGEmtiIWHSdKT2EsOrKrkfQg-6rs/s320/Zambia,%20Easter%202023%203.jpg" width="240" /></a></span></div><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: small;"><br /></span><p></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: small;"><span class="x193iq5w xeuugli x13faqbe x1vvkbs x1xmvt09 x1lliihq x1s928wv xhkezso x1gmr53x x1cpjm7i x1fgarty x1943h6x x4zkp8e x676frb x1nxh6w3 x1sibtaa xo1l8bm xi81zsa x1yc453h" dir="auto"><span id=":r7d:"><span><span class="x4k7w5x x1h91t0o x1h9r5lt xv2umb2 x1beo9mf xaigb6o x12ejxvf x3igimt xarpa2k xedcshv x1lytzrv x1t2pt76 x7ja8zs x1qrby5j x1jfb8zj"><a aria-label="2 ημ." class="x1i10hfl xjbqb8w x6umtig x1b1mbwd xaqea5y xav7gou x9f619 x1ypdohk xt0psk2 xe8uvvx xdj266r x11i5rnm xat24cr x1mh8g0r xexx8yu x4uap5 x18d9i69 xkhd6sd x16tdsg8 x1hl2dhg xggy1nq x1a2a7pz x1heor9g xt0b8zv xo1l8bm" href="https://www.facebook.com/permalink.php?story_fbid=pfbid0yN85QkmS5bJX9rPwaEFrR9nDFT3zCmqB4adyxcBwo2dPmt7jrV2edL5H2H39pftDl&id=100063521921459&__cft__[0]=AZUa-EmPFke4eZFO4E0ZuxhkkXrmEJniTF8uqcPWOmyMmqTNQpa228lSJ5IB04ygcilMiHXZ1WQ38-JaNpsYBxlb-Ywm2Yd5gIUeeS10ACIeRO6K0omBlCATp2wxrdmF4TYL-t9XAjhT3xcEBGel1xZm0ZRwjUFErNGgZigY22yYXWbYEitzfCAznQIcb7xvKRs&__tn__=%2CO%2CP-R" role="link" tabindex="0"><span>Orthodox Metropolis of Zambia</span></a></span></span><span class="xh99ass"><span><span class="xzpqnlu xjm9jq1 x6ikm8r x10wlt62 x10l6tqk x1i1rx1s"> </span><span aria-hidden="true"></span></span></span></span></span> <br /></span></p><div class="x1iorvi4 x1pi30zi x1swvt13 x1l90r2v" data-ad-comet-preview="message" data-ad-preview="message" id=":r7e:"><div class="x78zum5 xdt5ytf xz62fqu x16ldp7u"><div class="xu06os2 x1ok221b"><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: small;"><span class="x193iq5w xeuugli x13faqbe x1vvkbs x1xmvt09 x1lliihq x1s928wv xhkezso x1gmr53x x1cpjm7i x1fgarty x1943h6x xudqn12 x3x7a5m x6prxxf xvq8zen xo1l8bm xzsf02u x1yc453h" dir="auto"><div class="x11i5rnm xat24cr x1mh8g0r x1vvkbs xdj266r x126k92a"><div dir="auto" style="text-align: start;"><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhMVob2yZRTPOFnPNSkvFoGBPnVwxYOgdxD4ZZQDKRma1Lr8_uNAByiW82D79BTR8-swO90pgAzpmn0rz5DSsOh5NyHPPKvObT2hWp-Pdvj-a-4IVUy01pKYFLhhaoa5yCuF1xKJEA9n52JLq9f9X8dL0UJjLCLdVj3gzucHR9H9nRMCmm3cyEqyXbw/s1040/Zambia,%20Easter%202023%201.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="468" data-original-width="1040" height="180" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhMVob2yZRTPOFnPNSkvFoGBPnVwxYOgdxD4ZZQDKRma1Lr8_uNAByiW82D79BTR8-swO90pgAzpmn0rz5DSsOh5NyHPPKvObT2hWp-Pdvj-a-4IVUy01pKYFLhhaoa5yCuF1xKJEA9n52JLq9f9X8dL0UJjLCLdVj3gzucHR9H9nRMCmm3cyEqyXbw/w400-h180/Zambia,%20Easter%202023%201.jpg" width="400" /></a></div><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhvcnvcgnj7dFkxAFP9DHEmvh9801K6L8bCiaiu8EWGh4VO0ZlS1UDauHA6_55cq7GGlUtgg8F3ZBDwYIaHmVLlX3T5tw7oT-CruTGLAVtob9zJr7sGqc2NswoJ84GdRF_51LKfNahMtjtN4OqPBFIchPG5qelbsPALU3Y5vd5k-jjzrGLiByUybrLn/s1040/Zambia,%20Easter%202023%202.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="468" data-original-width="1040" height="180" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhvcnvcgnj7dFkxAFP9DHEmvh9801K6L8bCiaiu8EWGh4VO0ZlS1UDauHA6_55cq7GGlUtgg8F3ZBDwYIaHmVLlX3T5tw7oT-CruTGLAVtob9zJr7sGqc2NswoJ84GdRF_51LKfNahMtjtN4OqPBFIchPG5qelbsPALU3Y5vd5k-jjzrGLiByUybrLn/w400-h180/Zambia,%20Easter%202023%202.jpg" width="400" /></a></div> </div><div dir="auto" style="text-align: start;">Χριστός Ανέστη from St Nicholas in Kapiri.</div></div><div class="x11i5rnm xat24cr x1mh8g0r x1vvkbs xtlvy1s x126k92a"><div dir="auto" style="text-align: start;">With the blessings of Archbishop Ioannis of Zambia and with the profound help of Greek community of Copper belt Community the parish of St Nicholas in Kapiri Mposhi experienced and cerebrated the Great Feast of Pascha with joy and brightness. </div></div><div class="x11i5rnm xat24cr x1mh8g0r x1vvkbs xtlvy1s x126k92a"><div dir="auto" style="text-align: start;">Χριστός Ανέστη</div><div dir="auto" style="text-align: start;"><span></span>Christ is risen</div><div dir="auto" style="text-align: start;">Khristu Washukuka</div><div dir="auto" style="text-align: start;">Khristu Wauka</div><div dir="auto" style="text-align: start;">Christ est Ressuscite</div><div dir="auto" style="text-align: start;">Khristu Wabuka</div><div dir="auto" style="text-align: start;">Khristu Wovenya</div><div dir="auto" style="text-align: start;">Khristu Asukile</div><div dir="auto" style="text-align: start;"> </div></div></span></span></div></div></div><span style="font-size: small;"><span class="x193iq5w xeuugli x13faqbe x1vvkbs x1xmvt09 x1lliihq x1s928wv xhkezso x1gmr53x x1cpjm7i x1fgarty x1943h6x xudqn12 x3x7a5m x6prxxf xvq8zen xo1l8bm xzsf02u" dir="auto"><div class="x78zum5 xdt5ytf xz62fqu x16ldp7u"><div class="xu06os2 x1ok221b"><span class="x193iq5w xeuugli x13faqbe x1vvkbs x1xmvt09 x6prxxf xvq8zen xo1l8bm xzsf02u x1yc453h"><div class="x11i5rnm xat24cr x1mh8g0r x1vvkbs xdj266r x126k92a"><div dir="auto" style="text-align: start;"><span style="font-family: verdana;">Χριστός Ανέστη from St Nicholas in Kapiri.</span></div></div><div class="x11i5rnm xat24cr x1mh8g0r x1vvkbs xtlvy1s x126k92a"><div dir="auto" style="text-align: start;"><span style="font-family: verdana;">Με τις ευλογίες του Αρχιεπισκόπου Ιωάννη Ζάμπιας και με την βαθιά βοήθεια της Ελληνικής κοινότητας Copper belt Community η ενορία του Αγίου Νικολάου στο Καπίρι Μόσχης βίωσε και εορτάσε με χαρά και φωτεινότητα τη Μεγάλη Γιορτή του Πασχά.</span></div></div><div class="x11i5rnm xat24cr x1mh8g0r x1vvkbs xtlvy1s x126k92a"><div dir="auto" style="text-align: start;"><span style="font-family: verdana;">Χριστός Ανέστη</span></div><div dir="auto" style="text-align: start;"><span style="font-family: verdana;"><span></span>Χριστός Ανέστη</span></div><div dir="auto" style="text-align: start;"><span style="font-family: verdana;">Χριστός Ανέστη\n</span></div><div dir="auto" style="text-align: start;"><span style="font-family: verdana;">Khristu Wauka</span></div><div dir="auto" style="text-align: start;"><span style="font-family: verdana;">Χριστός Ανέστη</span></div><div dir="auto" style="text-align: start;"><span style="font-family: verdana;">Ο Χριστός με κοιτάζει</span></div><div dir="auto" style="text-align: start;"><span style="font-family: verdana;">Χριστός των υφαντών</span></div><div dir="auto" style="text-align: start;"><span style="font-family: verdana;">Χριστός Ανέστη.</span></div><div dir="auto" style="text-align: start;"><span class="x193iq5w xeuugli x13faqbe x1vvkbs x1xmvt09 x1lliihq x1s928wv xhkezso x1gmr53x x1cpjm7i x1fgarty x1943h6x x4zkp8e x676frb x1nxh6w3 x1sibtaa xo1l8bm xi81zsa x1yc453h" dir="auto" style="font-family: verdana;"><span><span class="xh99ass"><span><span aria-hidden="true"></span></span></span></span></span></div><div dir="auto" style="text-align: start;"><span class="x193iq5w xeuugli x13faqbe x1vvkbs x1xmvt09 x1lliihq x1s928wv xhkezso x1gmr53x x1cpjm7i x1fgarty x1943h6x x4zkp8e x676frb x1nxh6w3 x1sibtaa xo1l8bm xi81zsa x1yc453h" dir="auto" style="font-family: verdana;"><span><span class="xh99ass"><span><span aria-hidden="true"> <div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi4knbc64ic0A8U60BF9vY6k6cR0Dh5iYx9Zn_lfSqveJPYKZWCPo9aGRHLAanYSPljhmFrYjSriYB2kVkfl-SWQcdrkWKck-T8h49bvQdYchhJqTuutB_iAxDwQAU7atjPUpNlNs3erv0Htc6w6BVs57cUDSzPKBqaobZnFqBUl5F03ItHLMdMc1cL/s1600/Zambia,%20Easter%202023%20Maputo%201.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1200" data-original-width="1600" height="240" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi4knbc64ic0A8U60BF9vY6k6cR0Dh5iYx9Zn_lfSqveJPYKZWCPo9aGRHLAanYSPljhmFrYjSriYB2kVkfl-SWQcdrkWKck-T8h49bvQdYchhJqTuutB_iAxDwQAU7atjPUpNlNs3erv0Htc6w6BVs57cUDSzPKBqaobZnFqBUl5F03ItHLMdMc1cL/s320/Zambia,%20Easter%202023%20Maputo%201.jpg" width="320" /></a></div><br /></span><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhfZzE29ld1HLhDk-7c0j0HoW3Yw6H9q6ibEZu9the-TzxTi_S_Rw5biXmBOUfmUAJtINoZRnu8LrhVQ2Z2QAeks9yx1XsILMAdC1jh_j1FORqvL3uUzCicgTIjH_Ws9DsVoHDQfPwqr0H3tFk7t3em30hO0DJ6UGTkXNq1zHNQslPcZIN254E_355z/s1156/Zambia,%20Easter%202023%20Maputo%203.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1156" data-original-width="867" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhfZzE29ld1HLhDk-7c0j0HoW3Yw6H9q6ibEZu9the-TzxTi_S_Rw5biXmBOUfmUAJtINoZRnu8LrhVQ2Z2QAeks9yx1XsILMAdC1jh_j1FORqvL3uUzCicgTIjH_Ws9DsVoHDQfPwqr0H3tFk7t3em30hO0DJ6UGTkXNq1zHNQslPcZIN254E_355z/s320/Zambia,%20Easter%202023%20Maputo%203.jpg" width="240" /></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"> </div></span></span></span></span><div style="text-align: left;"><span class="x193iq5w xeuugli x13faqbe x1vvkbs x1xmvt09 x1lliihq x1s928wv xhkezso x1gmr53x x1cpjm7i x1fgarty x1943h6x x4zkp8e x676frb x1nxh6w3 x1sibtaa xo1l8bm xi81zsa x1yc453h" dir="auto" style="font-family: verdana;"><span><span class="xh99ass"><span><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"> </div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><b style="color: red;">La fête de la Résurrection du Christ, Kananga
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</div> <span style="font-family: verdana;"><a href="https://www.facebook.com/archevechedekananga?__cft__[0]=AZV9P9yF2YIq_2NeMz7--0RwA-cT3fTOHYNRCYMI7lSd3r1TnVraPmCqBoIHuPiKgFHu6f8DaE3LsOG45cMyqLnKw2yUNcKYFpAdMGx3H6WPT3oXNvbhnPfnVh2pnoBm_jPdauWcnmn6EeP0GwoMxepw9AW07-Su04t_vxi7eNVqDiACAtaV01jEt4fEnwy5XNI&__tn__=-UC%2CP-R">Saint Archevêché de Kananga et du Grand-Kasaï/ Ιερά Μητρόπολη Κανάνγκας</a></span></div><div dir="auto" style="text-align: start;"><span style="font-family: verdana;"> </span></div><div dir="auto" style="text-align: start;"><span style="font-family: verdana;"><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEih7XhdVOmJHEYM27upnRg4XzPXX6YnKJ-UrJtuC6q5MABP8ENlZ6LpavGXwVOyslWDEv6J24Gc6osWFm60LiW5ThN-yGk2YJh7xzdtl1RMYGwG3IBO4fdQl7TxLZSRnYYU7rh8ezP9y1wVKwU6dNlGP95fsuZeNC-sza0In6AtS6zlf64NXYShmAF9/s1280/Kananga,%20%CE%A0%CE%AC%CF%83%CF%87%CE%B1%202023.png" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="851" data-original-width="1280" height="426" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEih7XhdVOmJHEYM27upnRg4XzPXX6YnKJ-UrJtuC6q5MABP8ENlZ6LpavGXwVOyslWDEv6J24Gc6osWFm60LiW5ThN-yGk2YJh7xzdtl1RMYGwG3IBO4fdQl7TxLZSRnYYU7rh8ezP9y1wVKwU6dNlGP95fsuZeNC-sza0In6AtS6zlf64NXYShmAF9/w640-h426/Kananga,%20%CE%A0%CE%AC%CF%83%CF%87%CE%B1%202023.png" width="640" /></a></div> </span> <span class="x193iq5w xeuugli x13faqbe x1vvkbs x1xmvt09 x1lliihq x1s928wv xhkezso x1gmr53x x1cpjm7i x1fgarty x1943h6x xudqn12 x3x7a5m x6prxxf xvq8zen xo1l8bm xzsf02u x1yc453h" dir="auto" style="display: block; line-height: 1.3333; max-width: 100%; min-width: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word;"><div class="x11i5rnm xat24cr x1mh8g0r x1vvkbs xdj266r x126k92a" style="margin: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word;"><div dir="auto" style="color: var(--primary-text); white-space: pre-wrap;"><span style="font-family: verdana;">La fête de la Résurrection du Christ</span></div><div dir="auto" style="color: var(--primary-text); font-family: inherit; white-space: pre-wrap;"><span style="font-family: verdana;">C'est dans une climat de solennité et de joie que la Résurrection de notre Seigneur Jésus Christ a été fêtée dans notre Archevêché. Sous une pluie douce des bénédictions, son Éminence Mgr CHARITON notre Archevêque entouré de son clergé et d'une foule des fidèles a rehaussé de sa présence en la grande cathédrale de Saint André le Premier appelé pour fêter cet événement. Jour de la Résurrection, peuples rayonnons de joie, entonne le choeur sous un ton angélique, exultons d'allégresse et de joie. </span></div><div dir="auto" style="color: var(--primary-text); font-family: inherit; white-space: pre-wrap;"><span style="font-family: verdana;">LE CHRIST EST RESSUSCITÉ crie d'une voix forte notre Père spirituel, VRAIMENT IL EST RESSUSCITÉ répond en une voix tout le peuple réuni. Que le Christ notre Dieu ressuscité bénisse chacun de vous et vous comble de ses grâces. Le CHRIST EST RESSUSCITÉ.</span></div><div dir="auto" style="color: var(--primary-text); font-family: inherit; white-space: pre-wrap;"><span style="font-family: verdana;"></span><p><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"><span style="color: #ffa400;">Click:</span> <br /></span></span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"><a href="http://grforafrica.blogspot.com/2023/04/the-pascal-easter-message-of-pope-and.html">The Pascal (Easter) message of Pope and Patriarch Theodoros II of Alexandria and all Africa (2023)</a> <br /></span></span></p><p><span style="font-family: georgia; font-size: medium;"><a href="http://grforafrica.blogspot.com/2023/04/from-orthodox-uganda-about-easter-in.html">From Orthodox Uganda about Easter: "In the resurrection of Christ lies the
hope for beloved country Uganda - It is a message of victory, victory
over death and victory for eternal life!"</a></span></p></div></div></span></div></div></span></div></div></span></span>ΝΕΚΡΟΣ ΓΙΑ ΤΟΝ ΚΟΣΜΟhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/02509837341423212543noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2056303034280009991.post-18585724213639883722023-04-18T15:15:00.001-07:002023-04-18T15:15:14.211-07:00Sudan fighting: RSF and army clash in Khartoum for third day<p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: small;"> </span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: small;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEimmEiOnFdWVfBuwW0pQl1oY7W0yJ_RRrDs4EO27TPPh7IEeUN3l_aJ6r2eDZ3BJTVeLoyqXpdUTrMCmICSKi38Ekyszh-wr6zBhFF0GnEMDOyODriXVCrxmKIzg9AISOWPgcu1DicFH7fQxRwJxO1VF7mdRvWp2ItHHNuNNJ1GH-R-YBwZCO0qDYeM/s780/%CE%A3%CE%BF%CF%85%CE%B4%CE%AC%CE%BD%20%CE%91%CF%80%CF%81%CE%AF%CE%BB%CE%B9%CE%BF%CF%82%202023.webp" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="470" data-original-width="780" height="386" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEimmEiOnFdWVfBuwW0pQl1oY7W0yJ_RRrDs4EO27TPPh7IEeUN3l_aJ6r2eDZ3BJTVeLoyqXpdUTrMCmICSKi38Ekyszh-wr6zBhFF0GnEMDOyODriXVCrxmKIzg9AISOWPgcu1DicFH7fQxRwJxO1VF7mdRvWp2ItHHNuNNJ1GH-R-YBwZCO0qDYeM/w640-h386/%CE%A3%CE%BF%CF%85%CE%B4%CE%AC%CE%BD%20%CE%91%CF%80%CF%81%CE%AF%CE%BB%CE%B9%CE%BF%CF%82%202023.webp" width="640" /></a></span></div><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: small;"><br /></span><p></p><div class="ssrcss-1bdte2-BylineComponentWrapper e8mq1e90" data-component="byline-block"><div class="ssrcss-qt5zqv-BylineWrapper e8mq1e917"><div class="ssrcss-h3c0s8-ContributorContainer e8mq1e916"><div class="ssrcss-1u2in0b-Container-ContributorDetails e8mq1e913"><div class="ssrcss-68pt20-Text-TextContributorName e8mq1e96"><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: small;"><span style="color: #ffa400;">By Mohamed Osman & Natasha Booty</span></span></div><div class="ssrcss-84ltp5-Text e8mq1e910"><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: small;"><span style="color: #ffa400;"><a href="https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-65293538">BBC News</a>, in Khartoum & London</span></span></div></div></div></div></div><div class="ssrcss-11r1m41-RichTextComponentWrapper ep2nwvo0" data-component="text-block"><div class="ssrcss-7uxr49-RichTextContainer e5tfeyi1"><p class="ssrcss-1q0x1qg-Paragraph eq5iqo00"><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: small;"><b class="ssrcss-hmf8ql-BoldText e5tfeyi3" style="color: red;">Hospitals have been shelled in Sudan as fighting between rival armed factions continues for a third day, doctors say.</b></span></p></div></div><div class="ssrcss-11r1m41-RichTextComponentWrapper ep2nwvo0" data-component="text-block"><div class="ssrcss-7uxr49-RichTextContainer e5tfeyi1"><p class="ssrcss-1q0x1qg-Paragraph eq5iqo00"><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: small;">Patients in the capital, Khartoum, have appealed for safe passage as gun battles rage in the city. </span></p></div></div><div class="ssrcss-11r1m41-RichTextComponentWrapper ep2nwvo0" data-component="text-block"><div class="ssrcss-7uxr49-RichTextContainer e5tfeyi1"><p class="ssrcss-1q0x1qg-Paragraph eq5iqo00"><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: small;">Violence
between the army and a paramilitary group called the Rapid Support
Forces (RSF) has left around 100 people dead, a doctors' union said.</span></p></div></div><div class="ssrcss-11r1m41-RichTextComponentWrapper ep2nwvo0" data-component="text-block"><div class="ssrcss-7uxr49-RichTextContainer e5tfeyi1"><p class="ssrcss-1q0x1qg-Paragraph eq5iqo00"><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: small;">Both sides claimed to control key sites in Khartoum, where residents sheltered from explosions.</span></p></div></div><div class="ssrcss-11r1m41-RichTextComponentWrapper ep2nwvo0" data-component="unordered-list-block"><div class="ssrcss-7uxr49-RichTextContainer e5tfeyi1"><div class="ssrcss-1o5f7ft-BulletListContainer e5tfeyi0"><ul role="list"><li><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: small;"><a class="ssrcss-k17ofw-InlineLink e1no5rhv0" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-65302465">'I thought we'd die' - Sudan patients cry for help</a></span></li></ul></div></div></div><div class="ssrcss-11r1m41-RichTextComponentWrapper ep2nwvo0" data-component="text-block"><div class="ssrcss-7uxr49-RichTextContainer e5tfeyi1"><p class="ssrcss-1q0x1qg-Paragraph eq5iqo00"><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: small;">The
Sudan Doctors' Trade Union says there has been severe damage to al-Shab
Teaching Hospital in Khartoum, along with two other hospitals, caused
by clashes and "mutual shelling". </span></p></div></div><div class="ssrcss-11r1m41-RichTextComponentWrapper ep2nwvo0" data-component="text-block"><div class="ssrcss-7uxr49-RichTextContainer e5tfeyi1"><p class="ssrcss-1q0x1qg-Paragraph eq5iqo00"><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: small;">It called the attacks a violation of international law.</span></p></div></div><div class="ssrcss-11r1m41-RichTextComponentWrapper ep2nwvo0" data-component="text-block"><div class="ssrcss-7uxr49-RichTextContainer e5tfeyi1"><p class="ssrcss-1q0x1qg-Paragraph eq5iqo00"><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: small;">More
than 1,800 civilians and fighters have been injured according to Volker
Perthes, the UN envoy for Sudan. He also put the death toll at 185
people on Monday, higher than the doctors' union.</span></p></div></div><div class="ssrcss-11r1m41-RichTextComponentWrapper ep2nwvo0" data-component="text-block"><div class="ssrcss-7uxr49-RichTextContainer e5tfeyi1"><p class="ssrcss-1q0x1qg-Paragraph eq5iqo00"><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: small;">The
two sides held a brief ceasefire on Sunday to allow the wounded to be
evacuated, although it was not clear how strictly they stuck to it. </span></p></div></div><div class="ssrcss-11r1m41-RichTextComponentWrapper ep2nwvo0" data-component="text-block"><div class="ssrcss-7uxr49-RichTextContainer e5tfeyi1"><p class="ssrcss-1q0x1qg-Paragraph eq5iqo00"><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: small;">On
Monday, clouds of smoke were visible above Khartoum's main airport,
with TV showing images of fires and explosions. Army air strikes
targeted RSF bases, some of which are embedded in residential areas.</span></p></div></div><div class="ssrcss-11r1m41-RichTextComponentWrapper ep2nwvo0" data-component="text-block"><div class="ssrcss-7uxr49-RichTextContainer e5tfeyi1"><p class="ssrcss-1q0x1qg-Paragraph eq5iqo00"><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: small;">The
fighting is between army units loyal to the de facto leader, Gen Abdel
Fattah al-Burhan, and the RSF, a notorious paramilitary force commanded
by Sudan's deputy leader, Mohamed Hamdan Dagalo, better known as
Hemedti. </span></p></div></div><div class="ssrcss-11r1m41-RichTextComponentWrapper ep2nwvo0" data-component="text-block"><div class="ssrcss-7uxr49-RichTextContainer e5tfeyi1"><p class="ssrcss-1q0x1qg-Paragraph eq5iqo00"><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: small;">He
said on Monday that the international community must intervene, and
branded Gen Burhan "a radical Islamist who is bombing civilians from the
air". Gen Burhan has said he is willing to negotiate.</span></p></div></div><div class="ssrcss-11r1m41-RichTextComponentWrapper ep2nwvo0" data-component="text-block"><div class="ssrcss-7uxr49-RichTextContainer e5tfeyi1"><p class="ssrcss-1q0x1qg-Paragraph eq5iqo00"><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: small;">Alarmed
neighbours Kenya, South Sudan and Djibouti are planning to send their
presidents to help mediate in the crisis, however this is not currently
possible because the airport is closed. </span></p></div></div><div class="ssrcss-11r1m41-RichTextComponentWrapper ep2nwvo0" data-component="text-block"><div class="ssrcss-7uxr49-RichTextContainer e5tfeyi1"><p class="ssrcss-1q0x1qg-Paragraph eq5iqo00"><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: small;">The US, EU and UK have called for an immediate end to the fighting.</span></p></div></div><div class="ssrcss-11r1m41-RichTextComponentWrapper ep2nwvo0" data-component="unordered-list-block"><div class="ssrcss-7uxr49-RichTextContainer e5tfeyi1"><div class="ssrcss-1o5f7ft-BulletListContainer e5tfeyi0"><ul role="list"><li><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: small;"><a class="ssrcss-k17ofw-InlineLink e1no5rhv0" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-65297714">The two generals fighting over Sudan's future</a></span></li><li><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: small;"><a class="ssrcss-k17ofw-InlineLink e1no5rhv0" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-65293537">Shock and anger in Khartoum, a city not used to war</a></span></li><li><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: small;"><a class="ssrcss-k17ofw-InlineLink e1no5rhv0" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-65284948">A simple guide to what's going on in Sudan</a></span></li></ul></div></div></div><div class="ssrcss-11r1m41-RichTextComponentWrapper ep2nwvo0" data-component="text-block"><div class="ssrcss-7uxr49-RichTextContainer e5tfeyi1"><p class="ssrcss-1q0x1qg-Paragraph eq5iqo00"><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: small;">There
has been fierce fighting around the country's seat of power, the
Republican Palace. The army says it remains in control of all its bases,
including its Khartoum headquarters, where heavy weapons have been used
during intense clashes.</span></p></div></div><div class="ssrcss-11r1m41-RichTextComponentWrapper ep2nwvo0" data-component="text-block"><div class="ssrcss-7uxr49-RichTextContainer e5tfeyi1"><p class="ssrcss-1q0x1qg-Paragraph eq5iqo00"><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: small;">The sound of gunfire and explosions has hardly stopped since Saturday morning. One estimate put the number of injured at 1,100.</span></p></div></div><div class="ssrcss-11r1m41-RichTextComponentWrapper ep2nwvo0" data-component="text-block"><div class="ssrcss-7uxr49-RichTextContainer e5tfeyi1"><p class="ssrcss-1q0x1qg-Paragraph eq5iqo00"><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: small;">Beyond
the capital, the army says it is in control of eastern parts of the
country and the key Red Sea port of Port Sudan. But fighting is
continuing in Darfur, where the RSF is strong, and also in Kordofan in
the south.</span></p></div></div><div class="ssrcss-18mjolk-ComponentWrapper ep2nwvo1" data-component="image-block"><figure class="ssrcss-wpgbih-StyledFigure e34k3c23"><div class="ssrcss-ab5fd8-StyledFigureContainer e34k3c21"><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: small;"><span class="ssrcss-var3ia-Placeholder e16icw910"><span><picture><source type="image/webp"></source><img alt="line" class="ssrcss-evoj7m-Image ee0ct7c0" height="2" src="https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/news/624/cpsprodpb/1FCD/production/_105914180_line976-nc.png" width="624" /></picture></span></span></span></div></figure></div><div class="ssrcss-dm4ypg-ComponentWrapper-HeadlineComponentWrapper egtrm1f0" data-component="subheadline-block"><h2 class="ssrcss-y2fd7s-StyledHeading e1fj1fc10" id="Sudan-The-basics" tabindex="-1"><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: small;"><span role="text">Sudan: The basics</span></span></h2></div><div class="ssrcss-11r1m41-RichTextComponentWrapper ep2nwvo0" data-component="unordered-list-block"><div class="ssrcss-7uxr49-RichTextContainer e5tfeyi1"><div class="ssrcss-1o5f7ft-BulletListContainer e5tfeyi0"><ul role="list"><li><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: small;"><b class="ssrcss-hmf8ql-BoldText e5tfeyi3">Sudan is in north-east Africa and has a history of instability: </b>The military toppled long-time leader Omar al-Bashir in 2019 after mass protests</span></li><li><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: small;"><b class="ssrcss-hmf8ql-BoldText e5tfeyi3">It then overthrew a power-sharing government in 2021, putting two men at the helm: </b>The head of the army and his deputy, who is also the head of a paramilitary group called the RSF</span></li><li><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: small;"><b class="ssrcss-hmf8ql-BoldText e5tfeyi3">They disagree on how to restore civilian rule to Sudan: </b>The
RSF leader claims to represent marginalised groups against the
country's elites but his forces were accused of ethnic cleansing </span></li></ul></div></div></div><div class="ssrcss-18mjolk-ComponentWrapper ep2nwvo1" data-component="image-block"><figure class="ssrcss-wpgbih-StyledFigure e34k3c23"><div class="ssrcss-ab5fd8-StyledFigureContainer e34k3c21"><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: small;"><span class="ssrcss-var3ia-Placeholder e16icw910"><span><picture><source type="image/webp"></source><img alt="line" class="ssrcss-evoj7m-Image ee0ct7c0" height="2" src="https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/news/624/cpsprodpb/1FCD/production/_105914180_line976-nc.png" width="624" /></picture></span></span></span></div></figure></div><div class="ssrcss-11r1m41-RichTextComponentWrapper ep2nwvo0" data-component="text-block"><div class="ssrcss-7uxr49-RichTextContainer e5tfeyi1"><p class="ssrcss-1q0x1qg-Paragraph eq5iqo00"><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: small;">Sudan state TV is now back on air and broadcasting pro-army songs and anthems, after many hours without transmission.</span></p></div></div><div class="ssrcss-11r1m41-RichTextComponentWrapper ep2nwvo0" data-component="text-block"><div class="ssrcss-7uxr49-RichTextContainer e5tfeyi1"><p class="ssrcss-1q0x1qg-Paragraph eq5iqo00"><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: small;">The
internet is still up and running - no doubt because the military wants
to make sure their version of events and their propaganda narrative out,
suggests <a class="ssrcss-k17ofw-InlineLink e1no5rhv0" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/sounds/play/p0fh4wb3">BBC Sudan analyst James Copnall.</a></span></p></div></div><div class="ssrcss-11r1m41-RichTextComponentWrapper ep2nwvo0" data-component="text-block"><div class="ssrcss-7uxr49-RichTextContainer e5tfeyi1"><p class="ssrcss-1q0x1qg-Paragraph eq5iqo00"><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: small;">But
electricity is down in many places and water supplies to homes have
been cut, leaving terrified residents no choice but to venture onto
Khartoum's streets in search of drinking water.</span></p></div></div><div class="ssrcss-11r1m41-RichTextComponentWrapper ep2nwvo0" data-component="text-block"><div class="ssrcss-7uxr49-RichTextContainer e5tfeyi1"><p class="ssrcss-1q0x1qg-Paragraph eq5iqo00"><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: small;">One
group of students trapped inside the headquarters of an oil company in
Khartoum by heavy fighting told the BBC that they has not had food or
water in three days. </span></p></div></div><div class="ssrcss-11r1m41-RichTextComponentWrapper ep2nwvo0" data-component="text-block"><div class="ssrcss-7uxr49-RichTextContainer e5tfeyi1"><p class="ssrcss-1q0x1qg-Paragraph eq5iqo00"><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: small;">Speaking
on Monday, one student said the group were trapped "in the middle of a
heavy firefight", while another said air force jets were constantly
bombing the area and "flying strikes from above". </span></p></div></div><div class="ssrcss-11r1m41-RichTextComponentWrapper ep2nwvo0" data-component="text-block"><div class="ssrcss-7uxr49-RichTextContainer e5tfeyi1"><p class="ssrcss-1q0x1qg-Paragraph eq5iqo00"><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: small;">Sudan
is a majority-Muslim country and the fighting has brought an abrupt end
to the kind of outdoor socialising that usually happens during Ramadan
after the day-time fast is broken.</span></p></div></div><div class="ssrcss-11r1m41-RichTextComponentWrapper ep2nwvo0" data-component="text-block"><div class="ssrcss-7uxr49-RichTextContainer e5tfeyi1"><p class="ssrcss-1q0x1qg-Paragraph eq5iqo00"><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: small;">On Sunday and early Monday, the RSF claimed to occupy sites in Khartoum such as the presidential palace.</span></p></div></div><div class="ssrcss-11r1m41-RichTextComponentWrapper ep2nwvo0" data-component="text-block"><div class="ssrcss-7uxr49-RichTextContainer e5tfeyi1"><p class="ssrcss-1q0x1qg-Paragraph eq5iqo00"><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: small;">But
some accounts indicated that the army had regained control of the
airport, with the military saying they were dealing with "small pockets
of rebels". </span></p></div></div><div class="ssrcss-11r1m41-RichTextComponentWrapper ep2nwvo0" data-component="text-block"><div class="ssrcss-7uxr49-RichTextContainer e5tfeyi1"><p class="ssrcss-1q0x1qg-Paragraph eq5iqo00"><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: small;">The
army previously denied that the RSF had seized key sites in the
capital, and witnesses in the country told Reuters news agency that the
army appeared to be making gains after blasting RSF bases with air
strikes.</span></p></div></div><div class="ssrcss-11r1m41-RichTextComponentWrapper ep2nwvo0" data-component="text-block"><div class="ssrcss-7uxr49-RichTextContainer e5tfeyi1"><p class="ssrcss-1q0x1qg-Paragraph eq5iqo00"><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: small;">Residents of Khartoum have spoken of fear and panic, and reported gunfire and explosions.</span></p></div></div><div class="ssrcss-11r1m41-RichTextComponentWrapper ep2nwvo0" data-component="text-block"><div class="ssrcss-7uxr49-RichTextContainer e5tfeyi1"><p class="ssrcss-1q0x1qg-Paragraph eq5iqo00"><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: small;">"We
live on a rooftop on the third floor and the airplanes fly really close
to the roofs and its terrifying," Duaa Tariq told the BBC. She said she
was running out of food and water.</span></p></div></div><div class="ssrcss-11r1m41-RichTextComponentWrapper ep2nwvo0" data-component="text-block"><div class="ssrcss-7uxr49-RichTextContainer e5tfeyi1"><p class="ssrcss-1q0x1qg-Paragraph eq5iqo00"><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: small;">Another
Khartoum resident, Kholood Khair, said residents could not be sure of
safety anywhere. "All civilians have been urged to stay at home, but
that has not kept everyone safe." </span></p></div></div><div class="ssrcss-11r1m41-RichTextComponentWrapper ep2nwvo0" data-component="text-block"><div class="ssrcss-7uxr49-RichTextContainer e5tfeyi1"><p class="ssrcss-1q0x1qg-Paragraph eq5iqo00"><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: small;">The
major sticking points between the army and RSF are over the plans to
incorporate the 100,000-strong RSF into the army, and over who would
then lead the new force.</span></p></div></div><div class="ssrcss-11r1m41-RichTextComponentWrapper ep2nwvo0" data-component="text-block"><div class="ssrcss-7uxr49-RichTextContainer e5tfeyi1"><p class="ssrcss-1q0x1qg-Paragraph eq5iqo00"><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: small;">A chorus of international voices has called for a permanent end to the violence.</span></p></div></div><div class="ssrcss-11r1m41-RichTextComponentWrapper ep2nwvo0" data-component="text-block"><div class="ssrcss-7uxr49-RichTextContainer e5tfeyi1"><p class="ssrcss-1q0x1qg-Paragraph eq5iqo00"><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: small;">Leading
Arab states and the US have also urged a resumption of talks aimed at
restoring a civilian government, while the African Union has announced
that it is sending its top diplomat, Moussa Faki Mahamat, to try to
negotiate a ceasefire.</span></p></div></div><div class="ssrcss-11r1m41-RichTextComponentWrapper ep2nwvo0" data-component="text-block"><div class="ssrcss-7uxr49-RichTextContainer e5tfeyi1"><p class="ssrcss-1q0x1qg-Paragraph eq5iqo00"><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: small;">Egypt and South Sudan also offered to mediate between the warring factions, according to a statement by the Egyptian presidency.</span></p></div></div><div class="ssrcss-18mjolk-ComponentWrapper ep2nwvo1" data-component="image-block"><figure class="ssrcss-wpgbih-StyledFigure e34k3c23"><div class="ssrcss-ab5fd8-StyledFigureContainer e34k3c21"><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: small;"><span class="ssrcss-1hq4gmv-Placeholder e16icw910"><span><picture><source type="image/webp"></source><img alt="Satellite image showing smoke over Khartoum" class="ssrcss-evoj7m-Image ee0ct7c0" height="225" src="https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/news/976/cpsprodpb/713B/production/_129378982_5e7abf1a18769feff256489d2e0203a5b824a1790_0_9932_55381000x558.jpg" width="400" /></picture></span></span><span class="ssrcss-tvuve5-StyledFigureCopyright e34k3c20" role="text"><span class="visually-hidden ssrcss-1f39n02-VisuallyHidden e1y6uwnp0"> </span></span></span></div><div class="ssrcss-ab5fd8-StyledFigureContainer e34k3c21"><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: small;"><span class="ssrcss-tvuve5-StyledFigureCopyright e34k3c20" role="text"><span class="visually-hidden ssrcss-1f39n02-VisuallyHidden e1y6uwnp0">Image source, </span>Maxar Technologies</span></span></div><figcaption class="ssrcss-1mget3o-StyledFigureCaption e34k3c22"><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: small;"><span class="visually-hidden ssrcss-1f39n02-VisuallyHidden e1y6uwnp0">Image caption, </span></span><div class="ssrcss-y7krbn-Stack e1y4nx260"><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: small;">Thick black smoke was seen over Khartoum (satellite image ©2023 Maxar Technologies)</span></div></figcaption></figure></div><div class="ssrcss-11r1m41-RichTextComponentWrapper ep2nwvo0" data-component="text-block"><div class="ssrcss-7uxr49-RichTextContainer e5tfeyi1"><p class="ssrcss-1q0x1qg-Paragraph eq5iqo00"><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: small;">Death toll estimates have varied. </span></p></div></div><div class="ssrcss-11r1m41-RichTextComponentWrapper ep2nwvo0" data-component="text-block"><div class="ssrcss-7uxr49-RichTextContainer e5tfeyi1"><p class="ssrcss-1q0x1qg-Paragraph eq5iqo00"><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: small;">The
Central Committee of Sudan Doctors reported 97 civilians killed and
dozens among security forces dead, as well as 942 people injured.</span></p></div></div><div class="ssrcss-11r1m41-RichTextComponentWrapper ep2nwvo0" data-component="text-block"><div class="ssrcss-7uxr49-RichTextContainer e5tfeyi1"><p class="ssrcss-1q0x1qg-Paragraph eq5iqo00"><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: small;">Meanwhile,
the World Health Organization says more than 83 people have been killed
and more than 1,100 people injured across the country since Thursday,
when the RSF began mobilising its forces. It does not specify how many
civilians have died in the fighting. </span></p></div></div><div class="ssrcss-11r1m41-RichTextComponentWrapper ep2nwvo0" data-component="text-block"><div class="ssrcss-7uxr49-RichTextContainer e5tfeyi1"><p class="ssrcss-1q0x1qg-Paragraph eq5iqo00"><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: small;">Among the dead are three staff members of the UN World Food Programme (WFP), which has suspended its operations in the country.</span></p></div></div><div class="ssrcss-11r1m41-RichTextComponentWrapper ep2nwvo0" data-component="text-block"><div class="ssrcss-7uxr49-RichTextContainer e5tfeyi1"><p class="ssrcss-1q0x1qg-Paragraph eq5iqo00"><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: small;">In
a statement, the WFP said it was "horrified" by the news of the deaths,
adding that one of its aircraft had been damaged at Khartoum airport
during an exchange of gunfire on Saturday, which it says impacted its
ability to provide aid.</span></p></div></div><div class="ssrcss-18mjolk-ComponentWrapper ep2nwvo1" data-component="image-block"><figure class="ssrcss-wpgbih-StyledFigure e34k3c23"><div class="ssrcss-ab5fd8-StyledFigureContainer e34k3c21"><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: small;"><span class="ssrcss-18jaz09-Placeholder e16icw910"><span><picture><source type="image/webp"></source><img alt="Map of key sites in Khartoum" class="ssrcss-evoj7m-Image ee0ct7c0" height="351" src="https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/news/1024/cpsprodpb/1386A/production/_129387997_locations_in_khartoum_sudan_640-nc-2x-nc.png" width="400" /></picture></span></span></span></div></figure></div><div class="ssrcss-11r1m41-RichTextComponentWrapper ep2nwvo0" data-component="text-block"><div class="ssrcss-7uxr49-RichTextContainer e5tfeyi1"><p class="ssrcss-1q0x1qg-Paragraph eq5iqo00"><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: small;"><i class="ssrcss-xbdn93-ItalicText e5tfeyi2"><b class="ssrcss-hmf8ql-BoldText e5tfeyi3">Additional reporting by Robert Plummer and Mattea Bubalo</b></i></span></p></div></div><div class="ssrcss-1qmkvfu-TopicListWrapper etw6iwl1" data-component="topic-list"><div class="ssrcss-1szabdv-StyledTagContainer ed0g1kj1"><div class="ssrcss-50vlbt-TopicListHeaderWrapper etw6iwl0"><h2 class="ssrcss-q4zz1q-StyledHeading e1fj1fc10"><span style="font-family: verdana; 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font-size: small;"><a class="ssrcss-i9iip6-PromoLink e1f5wbog1" href="https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-65297714"><span role="text"><p class="ssrcss-17zglt8-PromoHeadline e1f5wbog5"><span aria-hidden="false">The two generals fighting over Sudan's future</span></p></span></a></span></div><div class="ssrcss-1f3bvyz-Stack e1y4nx260"><div><ul class="ssrcss-1xpwu3-MetadataStripContainer e1ojgjhb3" role="list"><div class="ssrcss-13nu8ri-GroupChildrenForWrapping e1ojgjhb2"><li class="ssrcss-30fcoe-MetadataStripItem e1ojgjhb1" role="listitem"><br /></li></div></ul></div></div></div><div class="ssrcss-z60stg-PromoImageContainer ehnfhlg4"><div class="ssrcss-17h6w1t-PromoImageContainerInner ehnfhlg2"><div class="ssrcss-fec6qv-ImageWrapper ehnfhlg3"><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: small;"><span class="ssrcss-1hq4gmv-Placeholder e16icw910"><span><picture><source type="image/webp"></source><img alt="Gen Burhan and Gen Dagalo in a composite image" class="ssrcss-evoj7m-Image ee0ct7c0" height="225" src="https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/news/976/cpsprodpb/E630/production/_129382985_generals.jpg" width="400" /></picture></span></span></span></div></div></div></div></div></li><li class="ssrcss-547yr3-PromoItem e3eyuya1"><div class="ssrcss-h10ero-Promo ett16tt0"><div class="ssrcss-1f5bbti-PromoSwitchLayoutAtBreakpoints e3z3r3u0"><div class="ssrcss-xekq2n-PromoContent e1f5wbog8"><div class="ssrcss-1f3bvyz-Stack e1y4nx260"><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: small;"><a class="ssrcss-i9iip6-PromoLink e1f5wbog1" href="https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-65293537"><span role="text"><p class="ssrcss-17zglt8-PromoHeadline e1f5wbog5"><span aria-hidden="false">Shock and anger in Khartoum, a city not used to war</span></p></span></a></span></div><div class="ssrcss-1f3bvyz-Stack e1y4nx260"><div><ul class="ssrcss-1xpwu3-MetadataStripContainer e1ojgjhb3" role="list"><div class="ssrcss-13nu8ri-GroupChildrenForWrapping e1ojgjhb2"><li class="ssrcss-30fcoe-MetadataStripItem e1ojgjhb1" role="listitem"><br /></li></div></ul></div></div></div><div class="ssrcss-z60stg-PromoImageContainer ehnfhlg4"><div class="ssrcss-17h6w1t-PromoImageContainerInner ehnfhlg2"><div class="ssrcss-fec6qv-ImageWrapper ehnfhlg3"><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: small;"><span class="ssrcss-1hq4gmv-Placeholder e16icw910"><span><picture><source type="image/webp"></source><img alt="people carry belongings, khartoum 16 april" class="ssrcss-evoj7m-Image ee0ct7c0" height="225" src="https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/news/976/cpsprodpb/EDE1/production/_129379806_gettyimages-1251873613.jpg" width="400" /></picture></span></span></span></div></div></div></div></div></li><li class="ssrcss-547yr3-PromoItem e3eyuya1"><div class="ssrcss-h10ero-Promo ett16tt0"><div class="ssrcss-1f5bbti-PromoSwitchLayoutAtBreakpoints e3z3r3u0"><div class="ssrcss-xekq2n-PromoContent e1f5wbog8"><div class="ssrcss-1f3bvyz-Stack e1y4nx260"><span style="font-size: small;"><a class="ssrcss-i9iip6-PromoLink e1f5wbog1" href="https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-65284948"><span role="text"><p class="ssrcss-17zglt8-PromoHeadline e1f5wbog5"><span aria-hidden="false" style="font-family: verdana;">What is going on in Sudan? A simple guide</span></p></span></a></span></div></div></div></div></li></ul>ΝΕΚΡΟΣ ΓΙΑ ΤΟΝ ΚΟΣΜΟhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/02509837341423212543noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2056303034280009991.post-26998791182542059452023-04-18T13:56:00.001-07:002023-04-18T13:56:11.534-07:00Πατριαρχείο Αλεξανδρείας: Πάσχα με προσευχές για τους Έλληνες του Σουδάν<p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: small;"><a href="https://greek.vema.com.au/2023/04/18/%cf%80%ce%b1%cf%84%cf%81%ce%b9%ce%b1%cf%81%cf%87%ce%b5%ce%af%ce%bf-%ce%b1%ce%bb%ce%b5%ce%be%ce%b1%ce%bd%ce%b4%cf%81%ce%b5%ce%af%ce%b1%cf%82-%cf%80%ce%ac%cf%83%cf%87%ce%b1-%ce%bc%ce%b5-%cf%80%cf%81/?swcfpc=1&fbclid=IwAR3YJg39fPC3e2xP8lKYJFVPU0eYoQHiGTHswVPN35L_hcCBeeTGpsRF6kY">Το ΒΗΜΑ της Εκκλησίας</a> <br /></span></p><div class="titlewrapper"><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: small;"><a href="http://ampelonas-trygetes.blogspot.com/2023/04/blog-post_18.html">ΣΤΟΝ ΟΡΘΟΔΟΞΟ ΑΜΠΕΛΩΝΑ ΤΗΣ ΑΦΡΙΚΗΣ</a></span>
</div><p style="text-align: justify;"></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: small;"><img border="0" data-original-height="683" data-original-width="1024" height="266" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhEwmt4mQhx_VyFLwvmMf3g6-JYTWcHsXAG2XrycC1Mp34pGtZzI7GEuJ2dMHsktENG__IpuGXlUXcOXYaZltLPRitG7jrcjLmdIrF4oWAYvfN1u2w1KrMRrKqwHulcwcxsHMMcQccYa4l6SdOLn4EoJbCMoQoQ_ZLAUKVGsPp1Ih-hl6neU1nH1SpJ/w400-h266/%CE%A0%CE%91%CE%A3%CE%A7%CE%911-2023.webp" width="400" /></span></div><p></p><p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: small;">Με λαμπρότητα και θρησκευτική
μεγαλοπρέπεια εόρτασαν οι Ορθόδοξοι Χριστιανοί την Ανάσταση του Κυρίου
στον Ιερό Καθεδρικό Ναό Ευαγγελισμού της Θεοτόκου Αλεξάνδρειας.</span></p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: small;">Η ΑΘΜ ο Πάπας και Πατριάρχης
Αλεξανδρείας και πάσης Αφρικής κ.κ. Θεόδωρος Β΄, συμπαραστατούμενος από
τον Σεβ. Μητροπολίτη Ναυκράτιδος κ. Παντελεήμονα, Αρχιγραμματέα της
Αγίας και Ιεράς Συνόδου, προέστη της τελετής της Αναστάσεως και
προεξήρχε της Αναστάσιμης Θείας Λειτουργίας, μεταφέροντας προς όλους το
χαρμόσυνο μήνυμα «Χριστός Ανέστη!».</span></p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: small;">Παρέστησαν, επίσης, ο Γενικός Πρόξενος
της Ελλάδος στην Αλεξάνδρεια, κ. Αθανάσιος Κοτσιώνης, ο Πρόεδρος της
Ελληνικής Κοινότητος Αλεξανδρείας κ. Ανδρέας Βαφειάδης και εκπρόσωποι
ελληνικών Συλλόγων και Οργανισμών της Πόλεως.</span></p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: small;">Την Κυριακή του Πάσχα, 16 Απριλίου,
τελέστηκε στην Ιερά Πατριαρχική Μονή Οσίου Σάββα του Ηγιασμένου στην
Αλεξάνδρεια ο πανηγυρικός Εσπερινός της Αναστάσεως.</span></p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: small;">Ο Μακαριώτατος Πάπας και Πατριάρχης κ.κ.
Θεόδωρος Β΄ κατήλθε εν πομπή από την Αίθουσα Θρόνου της Μονής στον Ιερό
Πατριαρχικό Ναό του Οσίου Σάββα, όπου προεξήρχε του Εσπερινού της
Αγάπης, συγχοροστατούντων των Αρχιερέων του Θρόνου, Σεβ. Μητροπολίτου
Ναυκράτιδος κ. Παντελεήμονος και Πανιερ. Μητροπολίτου Ταμιάθεως κ.
Γερμανού.</span></p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: small;">Μέσα σε κλίμα χαρμόσυνο, ανεγνώσθη το
Ιερό Ευαγγέλιο από τον Μακαριώτατο στην ελληνική, ενώ ακολούθησαν οι
Αρχιερείς και ο ιερός κλήρος, σε διάφορες γλώσσες.</span></p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: small;">Ο Αλεξανδρινός Προκαθήμενος, αφού
ευχαρίστησε όλους για την παρουσία τους, είπε: </span></p><p style="text-align: justify;"></p><blockquote><p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: small;">«Η σκέψη και η προσευχή
μου στρέφονται προς τους εμπερίστατους αδελφούς της Αφρικής και όπου
γης. Η σκέψη και η προσευχή μου στρέφονται προς τους χαροκαμένους γονείς
των νέων των Τεμπών. Στρέφεται προς τους δοκιμαζομένους σήμερα Έλληνες
του Σουδάν και τον Μητροπολίτη, μας Σάββα… Κουράγιο παιδιά μου,
κουράγιο!</span></p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: small;">Αυτή θα είναι η ευχή μου για το φετινό
Πάσχα. Η χαρά της Αναστάσεως να είναι ελπίδα, παρηγορία και δύναμη
ακατάβλητη. Έχουμε Χριστό στην καρδιά μας; Έχουμε την Ανάσταση! Έχουμε
Χριστό στη ψυχή μας; Έχουμε την υπομονή! Έχουμε Χριστό στη ζωή μας;
Έχουμε ειρήνη και αγάπη!».</span></p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: small;">Ακολούθως, ο Μακαριώτατος επισκέφθηκε
τον Οίκο Ευγηρίας της Ελληνικής Κοινότητος, όπου αντάλλαξε τον
Αναστάσιμο χαιρετισμό με τους περιθαλπομένους γέροντες και τους
εργαζομένους, προσφέροντας δώρα και ευλογίες σε όλους.</span></p></blockquote><p style="text-align: justify;"></p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: small;">Τέλος, παρεκάθησε στο Πασχάλιο γεύμα που
παρέθεσε η Ελληνική Κοινότητα Αλεξανδρείας στο εντευκτήριό της προς
όλους τους παροίκους της Μ.Πόλεως.</span></p><p style="text-align: justify;"></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: small;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi578Bo0UeU7g00JbXnydywa5BBtp_N-S0Ufl9JYQ9iCRFyp-gu2e5vmo2Faq-apIpGeer7NBlR893FmzLtxebZryz9vfJ_p2BdUWBcCFwKifdiaIWb8lMYVL6xatPcqdzKKG9gdUDAZER1HPsUcf1DhzG4WrMmvA4ip2XE9mHU3LnlHBz75oGqiidO/s1024/%CE%A0%CE%91%CE%A3%CE%A7%CE%912-2023.webp" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="683" data-original-width="1024" height="266" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi578Bo0UeU7g00JbXnydywa5BBtp_N-S0Ufl9JYQ9iCRFyp-gu2e5vmo2Faq-apIpGeer7NBlR893FmzLtxebZryz9vfJ_p2BdUWBcCFwKifdiaIWb8lMYVL6xatPcqdzKKG9gdUDAZER1HPsUcf1DhzG4WrMmvA4ip2XE9mHU3LnlHBz75oGqiidO/w400-h266/%CE%A0%CE%91%CE%A3%CE%A7%CE%912-2023.webp" width="400" /></a></span></div><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: small;"><br /><strong style="color: #04ff00;">Διαρκής επικοινωνία του Αλεξανδρινού Προκαθήμενου με τον Μητροπολίτη Νουβίας κ. Σάββα</strong></span><p></p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: small;">Εξάλλου, από την πρώτη στιγμή της
ενάρξεως των αιματηρών εχθροπραξιών στην πρωτεύουσα Χαρτούμ του Σουδάν,
τη 15η Απριλίου, η ΑΘΜ ο Πάπας και Πατριάρχης Αλεξανδρείας και πάσης
Αφρικής κ.κ. Θεόδωρος Β’ ευρίσκεται σε διαρκή τηλεφωνική επικοινωνία με
τον επιχώριο Ποιμενάρχη, Σεβασμιώτατο Μητροπολίτη Νουβίας κ. Σάββα, ο
οποίος θυσιαστικώς στέκεται δίπλα στο ποίμνιό του και περιθάλπει αυτό
στο Μητροπολιτικό οίκημα, και δι’ αυτού με τους Έλληνες που διαβιούν στη
χώρα.</span></p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: small;">Επίσης, ο Μακαριώτατος συνεργάζεται επί
του θέματος με τον Πρέσβη της Ελλάδος στο Κάϊρο κ. Νικόλαο Παπαγεωργίου,
στις διπλωματικές αρμοδιότητες του οποίου υπάγεται και το κράτος του
Σουδάν.</span></p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: small;">Σήμερα,
18 Απριλίου, ο Προκαθήμενος της πρεσβυγενούς Αλεξανδρινής Εκκλησίας, σε
προγραμματισμένη συνάντηση που θα έχει στο Κάϊρο με τον Πρόεδρο της
Αραβικής Δημοκρατίας της Αιγύπτου κ. Αμπντέλ Φατάχ Αλ Σίσι, θα συζητήσει
σχετικώς μαζί του, με σκοπό την προστασία των Ελλήνων παροίκων και την
επίλυση του ανακύψαντος προβλήματος, αφού η Αίγυπτος εμπλέκεται ενεργά
στην διαδικασία απεμπλοκής και ειρηνεύσεως στη γειτονική χώρα του
Σουδάν.</span></p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: small;">Ο Μακαριώτατος εκζητεί πατρικώς την
προσευχή όλων, ώστε να πρυτανεύσει η λογική και ειρήνη μεταξύ των
εμπλεκομένων στην σύρραξη μερών.</span></p><p style="text-align: justify;"></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: small;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjVcymzg3YVklfatmGfKIUAfKHjLgvxIvW2uN9HeNn8Y4UwwZnjI0k0-mPnqIUobEP6TBL8-VtSHehz4fdfo8pE7EuxgPsnyq2DJPJW1DQCFgSG0i9_4ovHiNF0LZWvJikGxHgCjkU7s-rBMbKOnp5MvH288NJ59MBSqINhxu4bx3fRkir0s0VxFjI4/s1024/%CE%A0%CE%91%CE%A3%CE%A7%CE%914-2023.webp" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="683" data-original-width="1024" height="266" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjVcymzg3YVklfatmGfKIUAfKHjLgvxIvW2uN9HeNn8Y4UwwZnjI0k0-mPnqIUobEP6TBL8-VtSHehz4fdfo8pE7EuxgPsnyq2DJPJW1DQCFgSG0i9_4ovHiNF0LZWvJikGxHgCjkU7s-rBMbKOnp5MvH288NJ59MBSqINhxu4bx3fRkir0s0VxFjI4/w400-h266/%CE%A0%CE%91%CE%A3%CE%A7%CE%914-2023.webp" width="400" /></a></span></div><p></p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: small;"><strong style="color: red;">Για Τρίτη ημέρα εγκλωβισμένοι στη Μητρόπολη ο Μητροπολίτης Νουβίας και 15 πιστοί</strong></span></p>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: small;"><img border="0" data-original-height="470" data-original-width="780" height="241" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgLUvJOc_dej36yGM8mWZI5eg1KvqwdHOjf7LrgRvlIDAFPaXj3h8fUl0oDcRLUqRJXjETW39dXubx7ppCk_kid4-gH0sNioRrLfe_XiPLu062nmS5k749DKSEzJf6YKqh-t-bNnrhoYcDKA_ejD6uTEXzhESaQL9R7axTuZgIRLGmPSrEiy8KgVCBt/w400-h241/%CE%A3%CE%BF%CF%85%CE%B4%CE%AC%CE%BD%20%CE%91%CF%80%CF%81%CE%AF%CE%BB%CE%B9%CE%BF%CF%82%202023.webp" width="400" /> </span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: small;"><span style="color: #e69138;">Φωτο από <a href="https://greek.vema.com.au/2023/04/18/%cf%80%ce%b5%cf%81%ce%af%cf%80%ce%bf%cf%85-150-%ce%ad%ce%bb%ce%bb%ce%b7%ce%bd%ce%b5%cf%82-%ce%b5%ce%b3%ce%ba%ce%bb%cf%89%ce%b2%ce%b9%cf%83%ce%bc%ce%ad%ce%bd%ce%bf%ce%b9-%cf%83%cf%84%ce%bf-%cf%83%ce%bf/">εδώ</a></span></span></div><p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: small;">Την ίδια ώρα, στο Σουδάν παραμένει
έκρυθμη η κατάσταση, με τον Μητροπολίτη Νουβίας και παντός Σουδάν κ.
Σάββα, που βρίσκεται από το Μ. Σάββατο εντός της Μητρόπολης στο Χαρτούμ
μαζί με 15 ακόμα άτομα, να δηλώνει στην ΕΡΤ: «Είμαστε σήμερα στο
επίκεντρο της διαμάχης. Χρησιμοποιούν βαρύ οπλισμό σήμερα. Δεν μπορεί
κανείς να βγει έξω, ούτε τις πόρτες να ανοίξει. Υπάρχουν αδέσποτες
σφαίρες, οπότε είμαστε ιδιαίτερα προσεκτικοί και σε σημεία που δεν
μπορούν να χτυπήσουν σφαίρες, γιατί τις προηγούμενες ημέρες χτύπησαν και
τις πόρτες και τα παράθυρα, οπότε είμαστε σε σημεία τέτοια που να μην
κινδυνεύουμε».</span></p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: small;">Αναφερόμενος στο θέμα των προμηθειών και
τις ανάγκες που υπάρχουν, τόνισε ότι «Δόξα τω Θεώ, έχουμε επάρκεια σε
τρόφιμα και σε νερό. Δεν έχει ρεύμα και νερό, χρησιμοποιούμε τη
γεννήτρια μία ώρα την ημέρα, μιάμιση περίπου, για να μπορέσουμε να
φορτίσουμε τα κινητά και να προμηθευτούμε νερό από τα φίλτρα γιατί δεν
μπορούμε να προμηθευθούμε ούτε πετρέλαιο για να έχουμε τη γεννήτρια σε
συνεχή λειτουργία. Είναι δύσκολη κατάσταση […] Περιμένουμε και ελπίζουμε
σε ένα θαύμα».</span></p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: small;">Για την κατάσταση της υγείας των δυο
Ελλήνων τραυματιών, ο Σεβασμιώτατος δήλωσε ότι «Είναι καλά. Είναι σε
νοσοκομείο στο Χαρτούμ και περιμένουν απλά το χειρουργείο, διότι δεν
μπορούν τα νοσοκομεία εξαιτίας της κατάστασης να προμηθευτούν τα
απαραίτητα χειρουργικά υλικά από τα ιατρικά καταστήματα».</span></p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: small;">Σημειώνεται ότι σύμφωνα με τον τελευταίο
απολογισμό, κατά τη διάρκεια των τριών ημερών των μεταξύ του στρατού
του στρατηγού Αμπντέλ Φατάχ Αλ-Μπουρχάν και των ισχυρών παραστρατιωτικών
δυνάμεων του στρατηγού Μοχάμεντ Χαμντάν Ντάγκλο, έχουν σκοτωθεί
περισσότεροι από 185 άνθρωποι και έχουν τραυματιστεί 1.800 άμαχοι και
μαχητές. Τα παραπάνω στοιχεία γνωστοποίησε το βράδυ της Δευτέρας ο
επικεφαλής της αποστολής του ΟΗΕ στο Σουδάν, Φόλκερ Πέρτες.</span></p><p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: small;"> </span></p>ΝΕΚΡΟΣ ΓΙΑ ΤΟΝ ΚΟΣΜΟhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/02509837341423212543noreply@blogger.com0